Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to interface an Arduino UNO with a variety of components including a KY-023 Dual Axis Joystick Module, an HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor, a 4-channel relay module, two DC Motors, two LEDs (red and yellow), a Piezo Speaker, and two resistors. The circuit is powered by a 12V Battery and the Arduino UNO's 5V output. The primary functions of this circuit include distance measurement, motor control via joystick input, visual indicators through LEDs, and audio feedback using a Piezo Speaker.

Component List

Arduino UNO

A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

12V Battery

Provides the power source for the relay module and the DC Motors.

KY-023 Dual Axis Joystick Module

A joystick controller that provides two analog outputs corresponding to the X and Y axes and a digital output for the joystick switch.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

An ultrasonic distance sensor that can measure distances from 2cm to 400cm with an accuracy of 3mm.

4-channel Relay Module

Allows for control of high-power devices using low-power signals from the Arduino. It has four relays that can be individually controlled.

DC Motor (x2)

Electric motors that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.

LED: Two Pin (red)

A red light-emitting diode that emits red light when a forward current passes through it.

LED: Two Pin (yellow)

A yellow light-emitting diode that emits yellow light when a forward current passes through it.

Piezo Speaker

An electronic device that can generate sound when an electrical signal is applied to it.

Resistor (200 Ohms) (x2)

A passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V and GND pins are used to power the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor, KY-023 Joystick Module, and the 4-channel relay module.
• Analog pins A0 and A1 are connected to the VRx and VRy outputs of the KY-023 Joystick Module for X and Y-axis readings.
• Digital pins D2 to D5 are connected to the IN 1 to IN 4 inputs of the 4-channel relay module to control the relays.
• Digital pin D8 is connected to the anode of the red LED through a 200 Ohm resistor.
• Digital pin D7 is connected to the anode of the yellow LED through a 200 Ohm resistor.
• Digital pin D11 is connected to the Piezo Speaker.
• Digital pins D9 and D10 are connected to the TRIG and ECHO pins of the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor.

12V Battery

• VCC is connected to the COM 1 and COM 3 of the 4-channel relay module.
• GND is connected to the COM 4 and COM 2 of the 4-channel relay module.

KY-023 Dual Axis Joystick Module

• +5V and GND are powered by the Arduino UNO.
• VRx and VRy are connected to the A0 and A1 analog inputs of the Arduino UNO.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• VCC and GND are powered by the Arduino UNO.
• TRIG and ECHO are connected to the D9 and D10 digital pins of the Arduino UNO.

4-channel Relay Module

• VCC+ and VCC- (GND) are powered by the Arduino UNO.
• IN 1 to IN 4 are controlled by the D2 to D5 digital pins of the Arduino UNO.
• N.O. 1 to N.O. 4 are connected to the DC Motors.

DC Motors

• One terminal of each motor is connected to the N.O. terminals of the 4-channel relay module.
• The other terminal of each motor is connected to the 12V Battery.

LEDs (Red and Yellow)

• The anode of each LED is connected to the D8 and D7 digital pins of the Arduino UNO through a 200 Ohm resistor.
• The cathode of each LED is connected to GND.

Piezo Speaker

• One terminal is connected to the D11 digital pin of the Arduino UNO.
• The other terminal is connected to GND through a 200 Ohm resistor.

Resistor (200 Ohms)

• One resistor is connected between the red LED and the Arduino UNO.
• One resistor is connected between the yellow LED and the Arduino UNO.

Documented Code

// Define pin connections
const int trigPin = 9;
const int echoPin = 10;
const int joystickXPin = A0;
const int joystickYPin = A1;
const int relay1Pin = 2;
const int relay2Pin = 3;
const int relay3Pin = 4;
const int relay4Pin = 5;
const int redLEDPin = 8;
const int yellowLEDPin = 7;
const int piezoPin = 11;

// Variables for ultrasonic sensor
long duration;
int distance;

void setup() {
  // Initialize pins
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(relay1Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relay2Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relay3Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relay4Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(redLEDPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(yellowLEDPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(piezoPin, OUTPUT);

  // Initialize relay to be off
  digitalWrite(relay1Pin, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(relay2Pin, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(relay3Pin, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(relay4Pin, HIGH);
}

void loop() {
  // Read distance from ultrasonic sensor
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

  // Read joystick position
  int joystickX = analogRead(joystickXPin);
  int joystickY = analogRead(joystickYPin);

  // Control motors via relay based on joystick position
  if (joystickX > 512) { // Assuming center position is 512
    digitalWrite(relay1Pin, LOW); // Turn on motor 1
  } else {
    digitalWrite(relay1Pin, HIGH); // Turn off motor 1
  }

  if (joystickY > 512) {
    digitalWrite(relay3Pin, LOW); // Turn on motor 2
  } else {
    digitalWrite(relay3Pin, HIGH); // Turn off motor 2
  }

  // Control LEDs based on distance
  if (distance < 10) {
    digitalWrite(redLEDPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(yellowLEDPin, LOW);
  } else if (distance < 20) {
    digitalWrite(redLEDPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(yellowLEDPin, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(redLEDPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(yellowLEDPin, LOW);
  }

  // Play a sound if an object is very close
  if (distance < 5) {
    tone(piezoPin, 1000); // Play 1kHz tone
    delay(100); // for 100ms
    noTone(piezoPin);
  }

  // Add a short delay before the next loop iteration
  delay(100);
}

This code is designed to run on the Arduino UNO and controls the various components based on sensor inputs and provides feedback through LEDs and a Piezo Speaker.