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Arduino Mega 2560 Controlled Quadcopter with GPS, Compass, Ultrasonic Sensors, and LoRa Communication

Image of Arduino Mega 2560 Controlled Quadcopter with GPS, Compass, Ultrasonic Sensors, and LoRa Communication

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit designed to control brushless motors using an Arduino Mega 2560 as the main microcontroller. The circuit includes a power distribution board that distributes power from a Lipo battery to various components, including electronic speed controllers (ESCs) for motor control, sensors, and communication modules. A rocker switch is used to control the power flow. The circuit also integrates a GPS module, a compass, ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement, a radio communication module (SX1278), and an NRF24L01 module for wireless communication.

Component List

Power Distribution Board

  • Distributes power from the battery to the circuit components.

Lipo Battery

  • Provides the main power source for the circuit.

Rocker Switch (SPST)

  • Controls the on/off state of the circuit.

Arduino Mega 2560

  • Acts as the central processing unit, controlling the ESCs and communicating with sensors and modules.

Electronic Speed Controllers (ESC)

  • Four ESCs are used to control the speed and direction of four brushless motors.

Brushless Motors

  • Four motors that provide the mechanical power for movement.

Neo 6M GPS Module

  • Provides location data to the system.

HMC5883L Compass

  • A digital compass that provides heading information.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensors

  • Four sensors used for distance measurement.

SX1278

  • A radio communication module for long-range communication.

ESP32 - Expansion Board

  • An expansion board that provides additional connectivity and interfaces for the ESP32 module.

NRF24L01

  • A wireless communication module for short-range communication.

Wiring Details

Power Distribution Board

  • Connected to the Lipo Battery, Rocker Switch, ESCs, and Arduino Mega 2560.

Lipo Battery

  • Provides VCC and GND to the Power Distribution Board.

Rocker Switch (SPST)

  • Controls the connection between the Lipo Battery and the Power Distribution Board.

Arduino Mega 2560

  • GND connected to the Power Distribution Board and ESCs.
  • 5V connected to the Power Distribution Board.

Electronic Speed Controllers (ESC)

  • Battery VCC and GND connected to the Power Distribution Board.
  • Each ESC's M1, M2, and M3 pins connected to the corresponding L1, L2, and L3 pins of a Brushless Motor.

Brushless Motors

  • L1, L2, and L3 pins connected to the corresponding M1, M2, and M3 pins of an ESC.

Neo 6M GPS Module

  • GND and VCC connected to the ESP32 - Expansion Board.
  • TX and RX connected to the ESP32 - Expansion Board for serial communication.

HMC5883L Compass

  • GND and VCC connected to the ESP32 - Expansion Board.
  • DRDY, SDA, and SCL connected to the ESP32 - Expansion Board for data communication.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensors

  • GND and VCC connected to the ESP32 - Expansion Board.
  • TRIG and ECHO pins connected to the ESP32 - Expansion Board for triggering and echo reception.

SX1278

  • GND and 3.3V connected to the ESP32 - Expansion Board.
  • RST, DIO0, NSS, MOSI, MISO, and SCK connected to the ESP32 - Expansion Board for SPI communication.

ESP32 - Expansion Board

  • Provides power and data connections to the Neo 6M GPS Module, HMC5883L Compass, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensors, and SX1278 module.

NRF24L01

  • Not detailed in the wiring list, assumed not to be connected in this circuit.

Documented Code

Arduino Mega 2560 Code (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Note: The provided code for the Arduino Mega 2560 is a template with empty setup and loop functions. This code should be populated with the logic required to control the ESCs, read sensor data, and communicate with other modules.

ESP32 - Expansion Board Code

No code provided for the ESP32 - Expansion Board.