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Raspberry Pi Pico W Smart Agriculture System with Solar-Powered Sensors and LoRa Communication

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. It uses a Raspberry Pi Pico W microcontroller to collect data from various sensors and transmit it via a LoRa module. The system is powered by a Li-ion battery, which is charged using a solar panel and a solar panel regulator.

Component List

DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor

  • Description: Measures humidity and temperature.
  • Pins: VDD, DATA, NULL, GND

Raspberry Pi Pico W

  • Description: Microcontroller used to process sensor data and control the system.
  • Pins: VBUS, VSYS, GP16, GP17, GND, GP18, GP19, GP20, GP21, GP22, RUN, GP26, GP27, GP28, ADC_VREF, 3V3 OUT, 3V3_EN, GP0, GP1, GP2, GP3, GP4, GP5, GP6, GP7, GP15, GP14, GP13, GP12, GP11, GP10, GP9, GP8

SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor

  • Description: Measures soil moisture levels.
  • Pins: VCC, GND, SIG

Solar Panel

  • Description: Provides power to the system.
  • Pins: +, -

Solar Panel Regulator 5A MPPT Controller Battery Charging 9V/12V/24V/Auto Switch

  • Description: Regulates the power from the solar panel and charges the battery.
  • Pins: +Vin, Ground, battery (-), battery(+)

Li-ion Battery 18650-2000mAh 3.7V 7.4WH

  • Description: Stores power for the system.
  • Pins: +, -

LoRa Ra-02 SX1278

  • Description: Transmits data wirelessly using LoRa technology.
  • Pins: GND, NSS, MOSI, MISO, SCK, D105, DI04, 3.3V, RST, DI00, DI01, D102, DI03

NPK Soil Sensor

  • Description: Measures soil nutrient levels.
  • Pins: VCC, GND, A, B

Wiring Details

DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor

  • VDD: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W 3V3 OUT
  • DATA: Not connected
  • NULL: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GP22
  • GND: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GND

Raspberry Pi Pico W

  • VBUS: Connected to Li-ion Battery +
  • VSYS: Not connected
  • GP16: Connected to LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 MISO
  • GP17: Connected to LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 NSS
  • GND: Connected to SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor GND, DHT11 GND, NPK Soil Sensor GND, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 GND, Li-ion Battery -, Solar Panel Regulator battery (-)
  • GP18: Connected to LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 SCK
  • GP19: Connected to LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 MOSI
  • GP20: Connected to LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 RST
  • GP21: Connected to LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 DI00
  • GP22: Connected to DHT11 NULL
  • RUN: Not connected
  • GP26: Connected to NPK Soil Sensor A
  • GP27: Connected to NPK Soil Sensor B
  • GP28: Connected to SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor SIG
  • ADC_VREF: Not connected
  • 3V3 OUT: Connected to SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor VCC, NPK Soil Sensor VCC, DHT11 VDD, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 3.3V
  • 3V3_EN: Not connected
  • GP0 - GP15: Not connected

SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor

  • VCC: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W 3V3 OUT
  • GND: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GND
  • SIG: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GP28

Solar Panel

  • +: Connected to Solar Panel Regulator +Vin
  • -: Connected to Solar Panel Regulator Ground

Solar Panel Regulator 5A MPPT Controller Battery Charging 9V/12V/24V/Auto Switch

  • +Vin: Connected to Solar Panel +
  • Ground: Connected to Solar Panel -
  • battery (-): Connected to Li-ion Battery -
  • battery (+): Connected to Li-ion Battery +, Raspberry Pi Pico W VBUS

Li-ion Battery 18650-2000mAh 3.7V 7.4WH

  • +: Connected to Solar Panel Regulator battery (+), Raspberry Pi Pico W VBUS
  • -: Connected to Solar Panel Regulator battery (-), Raspberry Pi Pico W GND

LoRa Ra-02 SX1278

  • GND: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GND
  • NSS: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GP17
  • MOSI: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GP19
  • MISO: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GP16
  • SCK: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GP18
  • D105: Not connected
  • DI04: Not connected
  • 3.3V: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W 3V3 OUT
  • RST: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GP20
  • DI00: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GP21
  • DI01: Not connected
  • D102: Not connected
  • DI03: Not connected

NPK Soil Sensor

  • VCC: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W 3V3 OUT
  • GND: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GND
  • A: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GP26
  • B: Connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W GP27

Documented Code

sketch.ino

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

documentation.txt