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Arduino Mega 2560-Based Smart Home Automation System with Temperature, Humidity, and Motion Sensors

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to interface various sensors and actuators with an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. The components include a DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor, a PIR sensor, multiple LEDs, resistors, a relay module, fans, an LCD display, and an ESP-01 module. The Arduino Mega 2560 controls the components and executes a predefined pattern of operations.

Component List

  1. DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor

    • Pins: VDD, DATA, NULL, GND
    • Description: Measures humidity and temperature.

  2. PIR Sensor

    • Pins: VDD, SIG, GND
    • Description: Detects motion.

  3. Fan

    • Pins: GND, 5V
    • Description: Provides cooling.

  4. Relay 4 Channel 5V

    • Pins: GND, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, VCC, COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, NO1, NO2, NO3, NO4, NC1, NC2, NC3, NC4
    • Description: Controls high voltage devices.

  5. LCD Display (16 pin)

    • Pins: VSS, VDD, VO, RS, R_W, E, DB0, DB1, DB2, DB3, DB4, DB5, DB6, DB7, A, K
    • Description: Displays information.

  6. Arduino Mega 2560

    • Pins: IOREF, RESET, 3V3, 5V, GND, VIN, A0-A15, D0-D53, AREF, SDA, SCL
    • Description: Microcontroller.

  7. LED: Two Pin (red)

    • Pins: cathode, anode
    • Description: Emits light.

  8. Resistor

    • Pins: pin1, pin2
    • Description: Limits current.
    • Properties: Resistance: 220 Ohms

  9. LCM1602 IIC

    • Pins: GND, VCC, SDA, SCL, D6, D7, A, K, VSS, VDD, V0, RS, D2, D3, D4, D5, RW, E, D0, D1, LED_A, LED_B
    • Description: I2C interface for LCD.

  10. ESP-01

    • Pins: GND, GPIO02, GPIO0, RX, VCC, RST, CH_PD, TX
    • Description: Wi-Fi module.

  11. Power 220V

    • Pins: hot wire, neutral wire
    • Description: Power supply.

Wiring Details

DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor

PIR Sensor

Fan

Relay 4 Channel 5V

LCD Display (16 pin)

Arduino Mega 2560

LED: Two Pin (red)

Resistor

LCM1602 IIC

ESP-01

Power 220V

Code Documentation

int t = 100;
int x;  
int counter = 10;

void setup() {
 for(int i = 4; i <= 13; i++){
  pinMode(i,OUTPUT);
 }
}

void loop() {

  for(int i = 0; i <= counter; i++){
    pat1();
  }
  for(int i = 0; i <= counter; i++){
    pat2();
  }
  for(int i = 0; i <= counter; i++){
    pat3();
  }
  for(int i = 0; i <= counter; i++){
    pat4();
  }
  for(int i = 0;