Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit involves an Arduino Nano microcontroller interfacing with various sensors, actuators, and other components. The primary components include multiple photocells (LDRs), resistors, a soil moisture sensor, servos, a DC motor driver, a buck converter, a TP5100 battery charger, a 18650 Li-Ion battery, a DC mini metal gear motor, and a 5V mini water pump. The Arduino Nano reads sensor data and controls the actuators based on the programmed logic.

Component List

Arduino Nano

• Description: A small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328P.
• Pins: D1/TX, D0/RX, RESET, GND, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11/MOSI, D12/MISO, VIN, 5V, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, A1, A0, AREF, 3V3, D13/SCK

Photocell (LDR)

• Description: A light-dependent resistor used to detect light levels.
• Pins: pin 0, pin 1

Resistor

• Description: A passive electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
• Pins: pin1, pin2
• Properties: Resistance: 10,000 Ohms

GND

• Description: Ground connection.
• Pins: GND

Servo

• Description: A rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position.
• Pins: gnd, vcc, pulse

Buck Converter

• Description: A DC-DC converter that steps down voltage.
• Pins: IN+, IN-, OUT+, OUT-

TP5100

• Description: A battery charger module.
• Pins: B-, B+, IN-, IN+

Soil Moisture Sensor

• Description: A sensor used to measure the volumetric water content in soil.
• Pins: VCC, GND, SIG

18650 Li-Ion

• Description: A rechargeable lithium-ion battery.
• Pins: Positive, Negative

DC Mini Metal Gear Motor

• Description: A small DC motor with metal gears.
• Pins: IN1, IN2

5V Mini Water Pump

• Description: A small water pump powered by 5V.
• Pins: positive pin, negative pin

L298N DC Motor Driver

• Description: A dual H-Bridge motor driver.
• Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

Wiring Details

Arduino Nano

• D3 connected to L298N DC motor driver ENB
• D4 connected to L298N DC motor driver IN4
• D5 connected to L298N DC motor driver ENA
• D6 connected to Servo pulse
• D7 connected to L298N DC motor driver IN3
• D9 connected to Servo pulse
• D11/MOSI connected to L298N DC motor driver IN1
• D12/MISO connected to L298N DC motor driver IN2
• GND connected to L298N DC motor driver GND
• A4 connected to Soil Moisture Sensor SIG
• A3 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 through Resistor pin1
• A2 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 through Resistor pin1
• A1 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 through Resistor pin1
• A0 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 through Resistor pin1

Photocell (LDR)

• pin 1 connected to Arduino Nano A3 through Resistor pin1
• pin 1 connected to Arduino Nano A2 through Resistor pin1
• pin 1 connected to Arduino Nano A1 through Resistor pin1
• pin 1 connected to Arduino Nano A0 through Resistor pin1
• pin 0 connected to Buck converter OUT+

Resistor

• pin1 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 and Arduino Nano A3
• pin1 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 and Arduino Nano A2
• pin1 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 and Arduino Nano A1
• pin1 connected to Photocell (LDR) pin 1 and Arduino Nano A0
• pin2 connected to GND

GND

• GND connected to Resistor pin2
• GND connected to Resistor pin2
• GND connected to Resistor pin2
• GND connected to Servo gnd
• GND connected to Buck converter OUT-
• GND connected to TP5100 IN-
• GND connected to Soil Moisture Sensor GND

Servo

• pulse connected to Arduino Nano D6
• pulse connected to Arduino Nano D9
• vcc connected to Buck converter OUT+
• gnd connected to GND

Buck Converter

• OUT+ connected to Servo vcc
• OUT- connected to GND

TP5100

• B+ connected to 18650 Li-Ion Positive
• IN- connected to GND
• IN+ connected to 18650 Li-Ion Negative

Soil Moisture Sensor

• SIG connected to Arduino Nano A4
• VCC connected to Buck converter OUT+
• GND connected to GND

18650 Li-Ion

• Positive connected to TP5100 B+
• Negative connected to TP5100 IN+

DC Mini Metal Gear Motor

• IN1 connected to L298N DC motor driver OUT1
• IN2 connected to L298N DC motor driver OUT2

5V Mini Water Pump

• positive pin connected to L298N DC motor driver OUT4
• negative pin connected to L298N DC motor driver OUT3

L298N DC Motor Driver

• ENB connected to Arduino Nano D3
• IN4 connected to Arduino Nano D4
• ENA connected to Arduino Nano D5
• IN3 connected to Arduino Nano D7
• IN1 connected to Arduino Nano D11/MOSI
• IN2 connected to Arduino Nano D12/MISO
• GND connected to Arduino Nano GND
• OUT1 connected to DC Mini Metal Gear Motor IN1
• OUT2 connected to DC Mini Metal Gear Motor IN2
• OUT4 connected to 5V Mini Water Pump positive pin
• OUT3 connected to 5V Mini Water Pump negative pin

Code Documentation

Arduino Nano Code

File Name: sketch.ino

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

File Name: documentation.txt

This documentation provides a comprehensive overview of the circuit, including a detailed component list, wiring details, and the code used in the Arduino Nano.