Circuit Documentation

Summary

The circuit is designed to monitor for the presence of flames using an array of IR Flame sensors interfaced with an Arduino UNO R4 WiFi microcontroller. When a flame is detected by any of the sensors, a buzzer is activated to alert the presence of fire. The system is powered by a UPS module, which is charged by a solar panel through a solar charge controller. The UPS module also provides power to an inverter connected to an AC source for additional power requirements.

Component List

Arduino UNO R4 WiFi

• Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
• WiFi capabilities for IoT applications
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6

IR FLAME

• Flame sensor module capable of detecting fire source or other light sources of the wavelength in the range of 760nm - 1100 nm

Buzzer

• An electromechanical component that produces sound when energized

DHT22

• Digital temperature and humidity sensor with a calibrated digital signal output

ADXL345

• A small, thin, low power, 3-axis accelerometer with high resolution (13-bit) measurement

Solar Panel

• Photovoltaic panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy for generating electricity

Solar Charge Controller

• A device that controls the power going from the solar panels to the battery and protects against overcharging

12v 7ah Battery

• A rechargeable battery providing a nominal 12V voltage and 7Ah capacity

UPS Module

• Uninterruptible power supply module that provides backup power when the input power source fails

AC Source

• An alternating current (AC) power source

Inverter

• A power electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC)

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO R4 WiFi

• 5V connected to IR FLAME VCC, DHT22 VCC
• GND connected to IR FLAME GND, Buzzer NEGATIVE, DHT22 GND, UPS Module OUT-
• VIN connected to UPS Module OUT+
• Digital pins D2 to D6 connected to corresponding IR FLAME pins D1A1 to D5A5
• D7 connected to Buzzer POSITIVE
• D8 connected to DHT22 OUT

IR FLAME

• VCC connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi 5V
• GND connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi GND
• D1A1 to D5A5 connected to corresponding Arduino UNO R4 WiFi digital pins D2 to D6

Buzzer

• POSITIVE connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi D7
• NEGATIVE connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi GND

DHT22

• VCC connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi 5V
• OUT connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi D8
• GND connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi GND

Solar Panel

• vcc connected to Solar Charge Controller Solar Cell +
• gnd connected to Solar Charge Controller Solar Cell -

Solar Charge Controller

• Solar Cell + and Solar Cell - connected to corresponding Solar Panel pins
• Battery + and Battery - connected to corresponding 12v 7ah Battery pins
• Load + and Load - connected to UPS Module BAT+ and BAT-

12v 7ah Battery

• 12v + connected to Solar Charge Controller Battery +
• 12v - connected to Solar Charge Controller Battery -

UPS Module

• BAT+ and BAT- connected to Solar Charge Controller Load + and Load -
• OUT+ connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi VIN
• OUT- connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi GND
• DC+ and DC- connected to corresponding Inverter pins P and N

Inverter

• P and N connected to corresponding UPS Module pins DC+ and DC-
• L and N connected to corresponding AC Source pins + and -

AC Source

• + and - connected to corresponding Inverter pins L and N

Documented Code

#define FLAME_SENSOR_PIN1 2  // D1A1
#define FLAME_SENSOR_PIN2 3  // D2A2
#define FLAME_SENSOR_PIN3 4  // D3A3
#define FLAME_SENSOR_PIN4 5  // D4A4
#define FLAME_SENSOR_PIN5 6  // D5A5
#define BUZZER_PIN 7         // Buzzer pin

void setup() {
  pinMode(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN1, INPUT);
  pinMode(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN2, INPUT);
  pinMode(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN3, INPUT);
  pinMode(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN4, INPUT);
  pinMode(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN5, INPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  if (digitalRead(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN1) == LOW ||
      digitalRead(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN2) == LOW ||
      digitalRead(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN3) == LOW ||
      digitalRead(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN4) == LOW ||
      digitalRead(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN5) == LOW) {
    
    Serial.println("Fire detected!");
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on the buzzer
    delay(200);                     // Delay to keep the buzzer on briefly
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);  // Turn off the buzzer
  } else {
    Serial.println("No fire detected.");
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);  // Ensure buzzer is off
  }

  delay(500); // Adjust delay as needed
}

This code is designed to run on the Arduino UNO R4 WiFi microcontroller. It initializes the flame sensor pins and the buzzer pin, then continuously checks the flame sensor pins for a LOW signal, indicating the detection of a flame. If a flame is detected, it activates the buzzer and prints a message to the serial monitor. If no flame is detected, it ensures the buzzer is off and prints a different message to the serial monitor.