Circuit Documentation

Summary of the Circuit

This circuit is designed to control a magnetic levitation system using a Hall sensor, a TIP120 transistor, and an Arduino Nano 33 BLE. The Hall sensor detects the magnetic field strength, and the Arduino adjusts the current through a coil to levitate a magnetic object. Additionally, an LED is used to indicate the system status, lighting up when the coil is active.

Component List

Nano 33 BLE with pinout

• Microcontroller board based on the nRF52840.
• It has a variety of digital and analog pins for interfacing with various components.

DC Source 5V

• Provides a 5V power supply to the circuit.
• Two instances of this component are used to power different parts of the circuit.

Hall Sensor

• Senses the magnetic field strength.
• Outputs a voltage corresponding to the magnetic field strength it detects.

Diode

• Allows current to flow in one direction, protecting components from potential reverse current.

TIP120 Hi-Current Darlington Transistor

• Acts as a switch to control high current loads with a low current signal.
• In this circuit, it controls the current through the coil.

Resistor (1k Ohms)

• Limits the current flowing into the base of the TIP120 transistor.

Resistor (220 Ohms)

• Limits the current flowing through the LED to prevent damage.

Copper Coil

• Generates a magnetic field when current flows through it.
• Used in conjunction with the Hall sensor to levitate a magnetic object.

LED: Two Pin (red)

• Indicates the system status by lighting up when the coil is active.

Comments

• Four instances of comments are included, which may contain notes or explanations about the circuit design. These are not physical components.

Wiring Details

Nano 33 BLE with pinout

• GND connected to the emitter of the TIP120 transistor, GND of the 5V DC source, and cathode of the LED.
• D5 connected to one end of the 1k Ohm resistor.
• D9 connected to one end of the 220 Ohm resistor.
• VIN connected to the VCC of the 5V DC source.
• A1 connected to the signal pin of the Hall sensor.

DC Source 5V

• VCC connected to VIN of the Nano 33 BLE and the cathode of the diode.
• GND connected to GND of the Nano 33 BLE and the positive pin of the Hall sensor.

Hall Sensor

• - connected to VIN of the Nano 33 BLE.
• + connected to GND of the Nano 33 BLE.
• S connected to A1 of the Nano 33 BLE.

Diode

• cathode connected to VCC of the 5V DC source.
• anode connected to the collector of the TIP120 transistor.

TIP120 Hi-Current Darlington Transistor

• BASE connected to the other end of the 1k Ohm resistor.
• COLLECTOR connected to the anode of the diode and the negative end of the copper coil.
• EMITTER connected to GND of the Nano 33 BLE.

Resistor (1k Ohms)

• pin1 connected to D5 of the Nano 33 BLE.
• pin2 connected to the base of the TIP120 transistor.

Resistor (220 Ohms)

• pin1 connected to D9 of the Nano 33 BLE.
• pin2 connected to the anode of the LED.

Copper Coil

• +ve connected to the cathode of the diode.
• -ve connected to the collector of the TIP120 transistor.

LED: Two Pin (red)

• cathode connected to GND of the Nano 33 BLE.
• anode connected to the other end of the 220 Ohm resistor.

Documented Code

/*
 * Arduino Sketch for Magnetic Levitation
 *
 * This code controls a magnetic levitation system using a Hall sensor and a
 * TIP120 transistor. The Hall sensor reads the magnetic field strength, and
 * the Arduino adjusts the current through a coil to levitate a magnetic object.
 * An LED is used to indicate the system status.
 */

const int hallSensorPin = A1; // Hall sensor output connected to A1
const int coilControlPin = 5;  // TIP120 base connected to D5
const int ledPin = 9;          // LED anode connected to D9

void setup() {
  pinMode(coilControlPin, OUTPUT); // Set coil control pin as output
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);         // Set LED pin as output
  pinMode(hallSensorPin, INPUT);   // Set Hall sensor pin as input
}

void loop() {
  int hallValue = analogRead(hallSensorPin); // Read Hall sensor value
  int coilValue = map(hallValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255); // Map sensor value to PWM
  analogWrite(coilControlPin, coilValue); // Control coil current
  if (coilValue > 128) {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn on LED if coil is active
  } else {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);  // Turn off LED if coil is inactive
  }
  delay(10); // Small delay for stability
}

The code is written for the Arduino Nano 33 BLE and is responsible for reading the Hall sensor data, controlling the current through the coil, and managing the LED indicator.