Project Documentation

Arduino-Based Automatic Rain-Sensing Rooftop with LCD Display

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to automatically control a rooftop based on rain detection. It uses an Arduino Uno R3 to read input from a rain sensor and control two DC motors via an L298N motor driver. The status of the rooftop (open or closed) is displayed on a 16x2 I2C LCD. Additionally, an LED is used to indicate the status of the system.

Component List

L298N DC Motor Driver
- Description: Motor driver module used to control the direction and speed of DC motors.
- Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB
DC Motor
- Description: Standard DC motor.
- Pins: pin 1, pin 2
12V Adapter
- Description: Power supply adapter providing 12V.
- Pins: VCC, GND
Arduino Uno R3
- Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
- Pins: D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, GND, AREF, SDA, SCL, D0/RX, D1/Tx, D2, D3, D4, D5, 6, D7, A5/SCL, A4/SDA, A3, A2, A1, A0, Vin, 5V, 3.3V, RESET, IOREF, NONE, USB Jack, Power Jack
Resistor
- Description: Resistor with a resistance of 200 Ohms.
- Pins: pin1, pin2
LED: Two Pin (red)
- Description: Red LED.
- Pins: cathode, anode
16x2 I2C LCD
- Description: LCD display with I2C interface.
- Pins: GND, VCC, SDA, SCL
RAIN SENSOR
- Description: Sensor to detect rain.
- Pins: AO, DO, GRD, VCC

Wiring Details

L298N DC Motor Driver

OUT1 connected to pin 2 of DC Motor 1
OUT2 connected to pin 1 of DC Motor 1
OUT3 connected to pin 1 of DC Motor 2
OUT4 connected to pin 2 of DC Motor 2
12V connected to VCC of 12V Adapter
GND connected to GND of 12V Adapter and GND of Arduino Uno R3
5V connected to Vin of Arduino Uno R3
IN1 connected to D9 of Arduino Uno R3
IN2 connected to D10 of Arduino Uno R3

DC Motor 1

pin 1 connected to OUT2 of L298N DC Motor Driver
pin 2 connected to OUT1 of L298N DC Motor Driver

DC Motor 2

pin 1 connected to OUT3 of L298N DC Motor Driver
pin 2 connected to OUT4 of L298N DC Motor Driver

12V Adapter

VCC connected to 12V of L298N DC Motor Driver
GND connected to GND of L298N DC Motor Driver and GND of Arduino Uno R3

Arduino Uno R3

D2 connected to DO of RAIN SENSOR
GND connected to GRD of RAIN SENSOR and GND of 16x2 I2C LCD
5V connected to VCC of RAIN SENSOR and VCC of 16x2 I2C LCD
Vin connected to 5V of L298N DC Motor Driver
D9 connected to IN1 of L298N DC Motor Driver
D10 connected to IN2 of L298N DC Motor Driver
D8 connected to anode of LED: Two Pin (red)
A5/SCL connected to SCL of 16x2 I2C LCD
A4/SDA connected to SDA of 16x2 I2C LCD

Resistor

pin1 connected to cathode of LED: Two Pin (red)

LED: Two Pin (red)

anode connected to D8 of Arduino Uno R3
cathode connected to pin1 of Resistor

16x2 I2C LCD

GND connected to GND of Arduino Uno R3
VCC connected to 5V of Arduino Uno R3
SDA connected to A4/SDA of Arduino Uno R3
SCL connected to A5/SCL of Arduino Uno R3

RAIN SENSOR

DO connected to D2 of Arduino Uno R3
GRD connected to GND of Arduino Uno R3
VCC connected to 5V of Arduino Uno R3

Documented Code

Arduino Uno R3 Code

// Define pins
const int rainSensorPin = 2;  // Digital pin connected to rain sensor
const int motorPin1 = 9;      // Motor driver input pin 1
const int motorPin2 = 10;     // Motor driver input pin 2

// Define states
bool isRoofClosed = false;

void setup() {
  // Initialize pins
  pinMode(rainSensorPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(motorPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motorPin2, OUTPUT);

  // Start with the roof open
  openRoof();

  Serial.begin(9600);  // Initialize serial communication for debugging
}

void loop() {
  int rainDetected = digitalRead(rainSensorPin);

  if (rainDetected == LOW && !isRoofClosed) {
    // Rain detected, close the roof
    closeRoof();
  } else if (rainDetected == HIGH && isRoofClosed) {
    // No rain, open the roof
    openRoof();
  }

  delay(1000);  // Check every second
}

void closeRoof() {
  Serial.println("Closing Roof...");
  // Rotate motor to close the roof
  digitalWrite(motorPin1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW);

  // Assuming it takes 5 seconds to close the roof
  delay(5000);

  // Stop the motor
  stopMotor();

  isRoofClosed = true;
}

void openRoof() {
  Serial.println("Opening Roof...");
  // Rotate motor to open the roof
  digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motorPin2, HIGH);

  // Assuming it takes 5 seconds to open the roof
  delay(5000);

  // Stop the motor
  stopMotor();

  isRoofClosed = false;
}

void stopMotor() {
  // Stop the motor by setting both inputs to LOW
  digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW);
}

16x2 I2C LCD Code

/*
 * Automatic Rooftop Sensor
 * This code interfaces with a 16x2 I2C LCD to display the status of the
 * rooftop (open or closed) based on the rain sensor input.
 */

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

// Initialize the LCD, set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

void setup() {
  // Initialize the LCD
  lcd.begin();
  lcd.backlight();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Rooftop Status:");
}

void loop() {
  // Read the rain sensor status from the Arduino Uno
  int rainDetected = digitalRead(2); // Assuming rain sensor is connected to pin D2

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  if (rainDetected == LOW) {
    lcd.print("Closing Roof   ");
  } else {
    lcd.print("Opening Roof   ");
  }

  delay(1000); // Update the display every second
}

DC Motor Code

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to