Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to integrate various components including an Arduino UNO, solar panel, solar charge controller, battery, sensors, and other peripherals. The system is powered by a solar panel and a 12V battery, and it includes functionalities for motion detection, light sensing, motor control, and data logging.

Component List

1. Arduino UNO

   • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

2. Solar Panel

   • Description: Converts sunlight into electrical energy.
   • Pins: gnd, vcc

3. Solar Charge Controller

   • Description: Manages the power from the solar panel to charge the battery.
   • Pins: Solar Cell +, Solar Cell -, Battery +, Battery -, Load +, Load -

4. 12V 200Ah Battery

   • Description: Stores electrical energy.
   • Pins: GND, 12V

5. LM2596

   • Description: DC-DC buck converter.
   • Pins: IN, OUT

6. Photocell (LDR)

   • Description: Light-dependent resistor used for light sensing.
   • Pins: pin 0, pin 1

7. INA219

   • Description: Current and power monitor.
   • Pins: VCC, GND, SCL, SDA, VIN -, VIN +

8. L298N DC Motor Driver

   • Description: Dual H-Bridge motor driver.
   • Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

9. DC Mini Metal Gear Motor

   • Description: Small DC motor with metal gears.
   • Pins: IN1, IN2

10. Resistor (10k Ohms)

    • Description: Resistor with 10k Ohms resistance.
    • Pins: pin1, pin2

11. Resistor (1k Ohms)

    • Description: Resistor with 1k Ohms resistance.
    • Pins: pin1, pin2

12. 12V White LED Strip

    • Description: LED strip powered by 12V.
    • Pins: +12V, GND

13. HC-SR501 Motion Sensor

    • Description: PIR motion sensor.
    • Pins: GND, OUT, VCC

14. SD Module

    • Description: SD card module for data logging.
    • Pins: CS, SCK, MOSI, MISO, VCC, GND

15. NPN Transistor

    • Description: General-purpose NPN transistor.
    • Pins: E, C, B

16. MPU-6050

    • Description: 6-axis motion tracking device.
    • Pins: VCC, GND, SCL, SDA, XDA, XCL, AD0, INT

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V: Connected to VCC of SD Module, HC-SR501 Motion Sensor, MPU-6050, and INA219.
• GND: Connected to GND of SD Module, INA219, HC-SR501 Motion Sensor, MPU-6050, and other components.
• Vin: Connected to OUT of LM2596.
• A0: Connected to pin 0 of Photocell (LDR).
• A1: Connected to pin 0 of another Photocell (LDR).
• A4: Connected to SDA of MPU-6050 and INA219.
• A5: Connected to SCL of MPU-6050 and INA219.
• D13: Connected to SCK of SD Module.
• D12: Connected to MISO of SD Module and OUT of HC-SR501 Motion Sensor.
• D11: Connected to MOSI of SD Module.
• D10: Connected to CS of SD Module.
• D9: Connected to pin2 of 1k Ohm Resistor.
• D3: Connected to IN1 of L298N DC Motor Driver.
• D2: Connected to IN2 of L298N DC Motor Driver.

Solar Panel

• gnd: Connected to Solar Cell - of Solar Charge Controller.
• vcc: Connected to Solar Cell + of Solar Charge Controller.

Solar Charge Controller

• Battery +: Connected to IN of LM2596 and Battery + of 12V 200Ah Battery.
• Battery -: Connected to GND of 12V 200Ah Battery and IN of LM2596.

12V 200Ah Battery

• 12V: Connected to Battery + of Solar Charge Controller and VIN + of INA219.
• GND: Connected to Battery - of Solar Charge Controller and VIN - of INA219.

LM2596

• IN: Connected to Battery + of Solar Charge Controller.
• OUT: Connected to Vin of Arduino UNO and VIN - of INA219.

Photocell (LDR)

• pin 0: Connected to A0 of Arduino UNO.
• pin 1: Connected to pin1 of 10k Ohm Resistor.

INA219

• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• SCL: Connected to A5 of Arduino UNO.
• SDA: Connected to A4 of Arduino UNO.
• VIN -: Connected to OUT of LM2596.
• VIN +: Connected to 12V of 12V 200Ah Battery.

L298N DC Motor Driver

• IN1: Connected to D3 of Arduino UNO.
• IN2: Connected to D2 of Arduino UNO.
• OUT1: Connected to IN1 of DC Mini Metal Gear Motor.
• OUT2: Connected to IN2 of DC Mini Metal Gear Motor.

DC Mini Metal Gear Motor

• IN1: Connected to OUT1 of L298N DC Motor Driver.
• IN2: Connected to OUT2 of L298N DC Motor Driver.

Resistor (10k Ohms)

• pin1: Connected to pin 1 of Photocell (LDR).
• pin2: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.

Resistor (1k Ohms)

• pin1: Connected to B of NPN Transistor.
• pin2: Connected to D9 of Arduino UNO.

12V White LED Strip

• +12V: Connected to Battery + of 12V 200Ah Battery.
• GND: Connected to C of NPN Transistor.

HC-SR501 Motion Sensor

• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• OUT: Connected to D12 of Arduino UNO.

SD Module

• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• SCK: Connected to D13 of Arduino UNO.
• MISO: Connected to D12 of Arduino UNO.
• MOSI: Connected to D11 of Arduino UNO.
• CS: Connected to D10 of Arduino UNO.

NPN Transistor

• E: Connected to IN of LM2596.
• C: Connected to GND of 12V White LED Strip.
• B: Connected to pin1 of 1k Ohm Resistor.

MPU-6050

• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• SCL: Connected to A5 of Arduino UNO.
• SDA: Connected to A4 of Arduino UNO.

Documented Code

Arduino UNO Code (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

This code is a basic template for the Arduino UNO. The setup() function is used to initialize any settings or configurations, and the loop() function contains the main code that runs repeatedly.