Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates various components including sensors, microcontrollers, a laser emitter and receiver, a keypad, an IO expander, an RFID module, a buzzer, LEDs, resistors, a relay module, a solenoid lock, power sources, a solar charge controller, a UPS battery, diodes, a capacitor, a transformer, a bridge rectifier, a buck converter, and an OLED display. The circuit is designed to perform multiple functions, which could include security features (PIR sensor, RFID), user interaction (keypad, OLED display), and power management (solar panel, charge controller, battery). The ESP32 microcontrollers serve as the central processing units, interfacing with the various sensors, actuators, and displays.

Component List

Sensors

• KY-008 Laser Emitter: A module that emits a laser beam.
• PIR sensor: A motion sensor that detects changes in infrared levels.
• Laser Receiver Module: A module that detects the laser beam from the laser emitter.

Microcontrollers

• ESP32 - CAM: An ESP32-based module with camera capabilities.
• ESP32 (30 pin): A microcontroller with a wide range of GPIO pins for interfacing with various components.

Input Devices

• 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad: A 16-button keypad for user input.

Expansion Modules

• PCF8575 IO Expander: An I2C interface IO expansion module.

Communication Modules

• RFID-RC522: An RFID reader/writer module.

Actuators

• buzzer: An audible signaling device.
• KY-019 Relay module 1 channel: A module that controls high power devices.
• 12V solenoid lock: An electrically-controlled lock mechanism.

Indicators

• LED: Two Pin (green): A green light-emitting diode.
• LED: Two Pin (red): A red light-emitting diode.

Passive Components

• Resistor: A component that provides resistance to the flow of current.
• Diode: A component that allows current to flow in one direction only.
• Electrolytic Capacitor: A capacitor used for filtering and power smoothing.

Power Components

• Solar Panel: A panel that converts solar energy into electrical energy.
• AC source: An alternating current power source.
• ATS: An automatic transfer switch for power source management.
• Solar Charge Controller: A device that controls the charging of a battery from a solar panel.
• UPS BATTERY: An uninterruptible power supply battery.
• Buck converter: A DC-DC converter that steps down voltage.
• TRANSFORMER: A device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.
• Bridge rectifier: A circuit that converts AC to DC.

Display

• oled display 2.42: An OLED screen for displaying information.

Wiring Details

KY-008 Laser Emitter

• SIG connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P03
• 5v connected to 5V power net
• GND connected to Ground net

PIR sensor

• VDD connected to 5V power net
• SIG connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D13
• GND connected to Ground net

ESP32 - CAM

• 5V connected to ESP32 (30 pin) Vin
• GND connected to Ground net
• IO12 connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P00
• IO13 connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P01
• VOT connected to ESP32 (30 pin) TX0
• VOR connected to ESP32 (30 pin) RX0

Laser Receiver Module

• VCC connected to 5V power net
• OUTPUT connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P02
• GROUND connected to Ground net

4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad

• R1 connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D12
• R2 connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D14
• R3 connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D27
• R4 connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D26
• C1 connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D25
• C2 connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D33
• C3 connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D32
• C4 connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D35

PCF8575 IO Expander

• GND connected to Ground net
• VDD connected to 3V3 power net
• P00 connected to ESP32 - CAM IO12
• P01 connected to ESP32 - CAM IO13
• P02 connected to Laser Receiver Module OUTPUT
• P03 connected to KY-008 Laser Emitter SIG
• P14 connected to Resistor (pin1)
• P15 connected to Resistor (pin1)
• P16 connected to buzzer PIN
• SCL connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D22
• SDA connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D21

RFID-RC522

• VCC (3.3V) connected to 3V3 power net
• RST connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D4
• GND connected to Ground net
• MISO connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D2
• MOSI connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D15
• SCK connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D34
• SDA connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D5

buzzer

• PIN connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P16
• GND connected to Ground net

LED: Two Pin (green)

• cathode connected to Ground net
• anode connected to Resistor (pin2)

LED: Two Pin (red)

• cathode connected to Ground net
• anode connected to Resistor (pin2)

Resistor

• pin1 connected to PCF8575 IO Expander P14 or P15
• pin2 connected to LED anode (green or red)

KY-019 Relay module 1 channel

• S connected to ESP32 (30 pin) D19
• 5V connected to 5V power net
• GND connected to Ground net
• NC not connected
• COM connected to ATS +
• NO connected to 12V solenoid lock VCC

12V solenoid lock

• VCC connected to KY-019 Relay module 1 channel NO
• GND connected to ATS -

Solar Panel

• + connected to Diode anode
• - connected to Solar Charge Controller Solar Cell -

AC source

• - connected to TRANSFORMER 2
• + connected to TRANSFORMER 1

ATS

• + connected to Solar Charge Controller Load +, KY-019 Relay module 1 channel COM, Bridge rectifier source_out+
• - connected to Solar Charge Controller Load -, KY-019 Relay module 1 channel NC, Bridge rectifier source_out-

Solar Charge Controller

• Solar Cell + connected to Diode cathode
• Solar Cell - connected to Solar Panel -
• Battery + connected to Diode anode
• Battery - connected to UPS BATTERY GND
• Load + connected to ATS +
• Load - connected to ATS -

UPS BATTERY

• GND connected to Solar Charge Controller Battery -
• VCC connected to Diode cathode

Diode

• cathode connected to Solar Charge Controller Solar Cell +, UPS BATTERY VCC
• anode connected to Solar Panel +, Solar Charge Controller Battery +

Electrolytic Capacitor

• - connected to Bridge rectifier source_out-
• + connected to Bridge rectifier source_out+

TRANSFORMER

• 1 connected to AC source +
• 2 connected to AC source -
• 3 connected to Bridge rectifier source_in+
• 4 connected to Bridge rectifier Source_in-

Bridge rectifier

• Source_in- connected to TRANSFORMER 4
• source_out- connected to ATS -, Electrolytic Capacitor -
• source_out+ connected to ATS +, Electrolytic Capacitor +
• source_in+ connected to TRANSFORMER 3

Buck converter

• IN+ connected to KY-019 Relay module 1 channel 5V
• IN- connected to Ground net
• OUT+ connected to 5V power net
• OUT- connected to Ground net

oled display 2.42

• GND connected to Ground net
• VCC connected to 3V3 power