Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to count objects detected by an IR sensor and display the count on two 7-segment displays. The count can be reset using a pushbutton. The circuit is controlled by an Arduino UNO microcontroller.

Component List

1. IR Sensor

   • Pins: out, gnd, vcc
   • Description: Detects objects and sends a signal to the microcontroller.
   • Purpose in Circuit: To detect objects and increment the count.

2. 7-Segment Display (Display 1)

   • Pins: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, COM, dot
   • Description: Displays digits from 0 to 9.
   • Purpose in Circuit: To display the tens digit of the count.

3. 7-Segment Display (Display 2)

   • Pins: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, COM, dot
   • Description: Displays digits from 0 to 9.
   • Purpose in Circuit: To display the ones digit of the count.

4. Arduino UNO

   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0
   • Description: Microcontroller board.
   • Purpose in Circuit: To control the IR sensor, pushbutton, and 7-segment displays.

5. Pushbutton

   • Pins: Pin 3 (out), Pin 4 (out), Pin 1 (in), Pin 2 (in)
   • Description: A simple pushbutton.
   • Purpose in Circuit: To reset the count.

Wiring Details

IR Sensor

• out connected to A1 on Arduino UNO
• gnd connected to GND on Arduino UNO, COM on Display 1, COM on Display 2, and Pin 2 (in) on Pushbutton
• vcc connected to 5V on Arduino UNO

7-Segment Display (Display 1)

• A connected to D6 on Arduino UNO
• B connected to D5 on Arduino UNO
• C connected to D4 on Arduino UNO
• D connected to D3 on Arduino UNO
• E connected to D2 on Arduino UNO
• F connected to D1 on Arduino UNO
• G connected to D0 on Arduino UNO
• COM connected to GND on Arduino UNO

7-Segment Display (Display 2)

• A connected to D13 on Arduino UNO
• B connected to D12 on Arduino UNO
• C connected to D11 on Arduino UNO
• D connected to D10 on Arduino UNO
• E connected to D9 on Arduino UNO
• F connected to D8 on Arduino UNO
• G connected to D7 on Arduino UNO
• COM connected to GND on Arduino UNO

Arduino UNO

• A1 connected to out on IR Sensor
• GND connected to gnd on IR Sensor, COM on Display 1, COM on Display 2, and Pin 2 (in) on Pushbutton
• 5V connected to vcc on IR Sensor
• A0 connected to Pin 4 (out) on Pushbutton
• D6 connected to A on Display 1
• D5 connected to B on Display 1
• D4 connected to C on Display 1
• D3 connected to D on Display 1
• D2 connected to E on Display 1
• D1 connected to F on Display 1
• D0 connected to G on Display 1
• D13 connected to A on Display 2
• D12 connected to B on Display 2
• D11 connected to C on Display 2
• D10 connected to D on Display 2
• D9 connected to E on Display 2
• D8 connected to F on Display 2
• D7 connected to G on Display 2

Pushbutton

• Pin 4 (out) connected to A0 on Arduino UNO
• Pin 2 (in) connected to GND on Arduino UNO

Documented Code

// Declare pins for the two 7-segment displays
int seg_a1 = 13, seg_b1 = 12, seg_c1 = 11, seg_d1 = 10, seg_e1 = 9, seg_f1 = 8, seg_g1 = 7;
int seg_a = 6, seg_b = 5, seg_c = 4, seg_d = 3, seg_e = 2, seg_f = 1, seg_g = 0;

int buttonPin = A0; // Reset button connected to pin A0
int irSensorPin = A1; // IR sensor connected to pin A1
int count = 0; // Counter value

bool buttonState = false, lastButtonState = false; // For reset button
bool objectDetected = false, lastObjectDetected = false; // For IR sensor

const int threshold = 300; // Threshold value for detecting objects
const int debounceDelay = 50; // Debounce delay for stable IR readings

// Digits from 0 to 9 for 7-segment display
byte digits[10][7] = {
  {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1}, 
  {1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1}, 
  {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, 
  {1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1}
};

// Function to display a digit on a 7-segment display
void displayDigit(int digit, int displayPins[]) {
  for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
    digitalWrite(displayPins[i], digits[digit][i]);
  }
}

void setup() {
  // Set up 7-segment pins as output
  int display1[] = {seg_a1, seg_b1, seg_c1, seg_d1, seg_e1, seg_f1, seg_g1};
  int display2[] = {seg_a, seg_b, seg_c, seg_d, seg_e, seg_f, seg_g};

  for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
    pinMode(display1[i], OUTPUT);
    pinMode(display2[i], OUTPUT);
  }

  // Set up button and IR sensor pins
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); // Reset button with internal pull-up resistor
  pinMode(irSensorPin, INPUT); // IR sensor for object detection
}

void loop() {
  // Read and filter the IR sensor value
  int irValue = analogRead(irSensorPin); // Use analogRead for better resolution
  objectDetected = irValue > threshold; // Check if value exceeds the detection threshold

  // Debounce logic for IR sensor
  static unsigned long lastDebounceTime = 0;
  if (objectDetected != lastObjectDetected) {
    lastDebounceTime = millis();
  }

  if ((millis() - lastDebounceTime) > debounceDelay) {
    if (objectDetected != lastObjectDetected) {
      lastObjectDetected = objectDetected;
      if (objectDetected) {
        count++;
        if (count > 99) count = 0; // Reset to 0 after 99
      }
    }
  }

  // Read the reset button state
  buttonState = !digitalRead(buttonPin); // Invert because of pull-up resistor
  if (buttonState && !lastButtonState) {
    count = 0; // Reset the count