Solar-Powered Environmental Monitoring System with ESP32 and Cellular Connectivity
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Circuit Documentation
Summary
This circuit integrates various components to perform environmental sensing, communication, and power management tasks. It includes sensors for environmental data, a microcontroller for processing and communication, a charging module for battery management, and power regulation to ensure stable operation. The circuit is designed to be powered by a solar panel, with a Li-ion battery as a backup power source.
Component List
BME/BMP280
- Description: A precision sensor that can measure temperature, humidity, and pressure.
- Pins: GND, SCL, SDA, VIN
MH-Z19B
- Description: An infrared carbon dioxide sensor for indoor air quality monitoring.
- Pins: HD, TX, RX, V0, PWM, GND, Vin
TP4056
- Description: A lithium battery charger with a micro USB interface.
- Pins: OUT-, B-, B+, OUT+, IN-, IN+
Ceramic Capacitor
- Description: A capacitor used for filtering and stabilizing the voltage supply.
- Pins: pin0, pin1
- Properties: Capacitance: 0.1 µF (0.0000001 Farads)
ESP32 (30 pin)
- Description: A powerful microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.
- Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, Vin, D23, D22, TX0, RX0, D21, D19, D18, D5, TX2, RX2, D4, D2, D15, 3V3
Sim800l
- Description: A GSM/GPRS module that provides cellular communication capabilities.
- Pins: NET, RST, VCC, RXD, TXD, GND
Voltage Regulator
- Description: A device that maintains a constant voltage level to the load.
- Pins: GND, IN, OUT
Electrolytic Capacitor
- Description: A polarized capacitor with a larger capacitance than other capacitor types.
- Pins: -, +
- Properties: Capacitance: 100 µF (0.0001 Farads)
Solar Panel
- Description: A photovoltaic panel that converts sunlight into electrical energy.
- Pins: +, -
18650 Li-ion Battery
- Description: A rechargeable battery commonly used in portable electronics.
- Pins: -, +
Bi-Directional Logic Level Converter
- Description: A device that safely steps down 5V signals to 3.3V and steps up 3.3V to 5V at the same time.
- Pins: HV1, HV2, HV, GND, HV3, HV4, LV1, LV2, LV, LV3, LV4
Step Up Boost 3v- 5v
- Description: A boost converter that steps up the voltage from 3V to 5V.
- Pins: Vi, GND, Vo
Step Up Boost Power Converter, Adjustable Voltage Regulator
- Description: A power converter that can adjust the output voltage as needed.
- Pins: VOUT+, VOUT-, VIN+, VIN-
Wiring Details
BME/BMP280
- GND: Connected to the common ground net.
- SCL: Connected to ESP32 pin D22.
- SDA: Connected to ESP32 pin D21.
- VIN: Connected to the output of the Voltage Regulator.
MH-Z19B
- GND: Connected to the common ground net.
- TX: Connected to ESP32 pin RX2.
- RX: Connected to ESP32 pin TX2.
- Vin: Connected to the output of the Step Up Boost 3v- 5v.
TP4056
- OUT-: Connected to the common ground net.
- B-: Connected to the negative terminal of the 18650 Li-ion Battery.
- B+: Connected to the positive terminal of the 18650 Li-ion Battery.
- OUT+: Connected to the input of the Voltage Regulator, Sim800l VCC, and Step Up Boost 3v- 5v Vi.
- IN-: Connected to the negative terminal of the Solar Panel.
- IN+: Connected to the positive terminal of the Solar Panel.
Ceramic Capacitor
- pin0: Connected to the common ground net.
- pin1: Connected to the output of the Voltage Regulator.
ESP32 (30 pin)
- GND: Connected to the common ground net.
- 3V3: Connected to the output of the Voltage Regulator.
- D22: Connected to BME/BMP280 SCL.
- D21: Connected to BME/BMP280 SDA.
- RX2: Connected to MH-Z19B TX.
- TX2: Connected to MH-Z19B RX.
- TX0: Connected to Sim800l RXD.
- RX0: Connected to Sim800l TXD.
Sim800l
- GND: Connected to the common ground net.
- VCC: Connected to the output of the TP4056.
- RXD: Connected to ESP32 pin TX0.
- TXD: Connected to ESP32 pin RX0.
Voltage Regulator
- GND: Connected to the common ground net.
- IN: Connected to the output of the TP4056.
- OUT: Connected to the input of the Ceramic Capacitor, BME/BMP280 VIN, and ESP32 3V3.
Electrolytic Capacitor
- -: Connected to the common ground net.
- +: Connected to the output of the Voltage Regulator.
Solar Panel
- -: Connected to TP4056 IN-.
- +: Connected to TP4056 IN+.
18650 Li-ion Battery
- -: Connected to TP4056 B-.
- +: Connected to TP4056 B+.
Step Up Boost 3v- 5v
- GND: Connected to the common ground net.
- Vi: Connected to the output of the TP4056.
- Vo: Connected to MH-Z19B Vin.
Documented Code
No code has been provided for the microcontrollers in the circuit. If code is available, it should be documented here with explanations for each function and routine, including setup and loop functions for microcontrollers like the ESP32.