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Battery-Powered Line Following Robot with ATmega328P and L298N Motor Driver

Image of Battery-Powered Line Following Robot with ATmega328P and L298N Motor Driver

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit designed to control DC motors using a line sensor and a Nano 3.0 ATmega328P microcontroller. The circuit includes a DC motor driver (L298N), a line sensor, a DC-DC buck converter (XL4015), and a 9V battery for power supply. The microcontroller reads data from the line sensor and controls the motors accordingly.

Component List

Line Sensor

  • Description: A sensor used to detect lines or edges.
  • Pins: 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, +5V, GND

L298N DC Motor Driver

  • Description: A dual H-bridge motor driver that allows control of two DC motors.
  • Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

DC Motor (Motor 1)

  • Description: A standard DC motor.
  • Pins: pin 1, pin 2

DC Motor (Motor 2)

  • Description: A standard DC motor.
  • Pins: pin 1, pin 2

9V Battery

  • Description: A 9V battery used as the power source.
  • Pins: -, +

Nano 3.0 ATmega328P Type-C USB CH340 Controller Board

  • Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
  • Pins: D13, 3V3, REF, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, 5V, RST, GND, VIN, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, RX0, TX1, D12

XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down

  • Description: A DC-DC buck converter used to step down voltage.
  • Pins: Output +, Output -, Input +, Input -

Wiring Details

Line Sensor

  • Pin 7 connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin A5
  • Pin 6 connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin A4
  • Pin 5 connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin A3
  • Pin 4 connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin A2
  • Pin 3 connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin A1
  • Pin 2 connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin A0
  • Pin +5V connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin 5V
  • Pin GND connected to XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down pin Output -

L298N DC Motor Driver

  • Pin GND connected to XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down pin Output -
  • Pin GND connected to 9V Battery pin -
  • Pin GND connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin GND
  • Pin 12V connected to XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down pin Output +
  • Pin 12V connected to 9V Battery pin +
  • Pin 12V connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin VIN
  • Pin OUT1 connected to DC Motor (Motor 1) pin pin 2
  • Pin OUT2 connected to DC Motor (Motor 1) pin pin 1
  • Pin OUT3 connected to DC Motor (Motor 2) pin pin 2
  • Pin OUT4 connected to DC Motor (Motor 2) pin pin 1
  • Pin ENA connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin D6
  • Pin IN1 connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin D11
  • Pin IN2 connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin D10
  • Pin IN3 connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin D9
  • Pin IN4 connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin D8
  • Pin ENB connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin D5

DC Motor (Motor 1)

  • Pin 1 connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin OUT2
  • Pin 2 connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin OUT1

DC Motor (Motor 2)

  • Pin 1 connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin OUT4
  • Pin 2 connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin OUT3

9V Battery

  • Pin + connected to XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down pin Output +
  • Pin - connected to XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down pin Output -

Nano 3.0 ATmega328P Type-C USB CH340 Controller Board

  • Pin A5 connected to Line Sensor pin 7
  • Pin A4 connected to Line Sensor pin 6
  • Pin A3 connected to Line Sensor pin 5
  • Pin A2 connected to Line Sensor pin 4
  • Pin A1 connected to Line Sensor pin 3
  • Pin A0 connected to Line Sensor pin 2
  • Pin 5V connected to Line Sensor pin +5V
  • Pin GND connected to XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down pin Output -
  • Pin GND connected to 9V Battery pin -
  • Pin GND connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin GND
  • Pin VIN connected to XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down pin Output +
  • Pin VIN connected to 9V Battery pin +
  • Pin D6 connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin ENA
  • Pin D11 connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin IN1
  • Pin D10 connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin IN2
  • Pin D9 connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin IN3
  • Pin D8 connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin IN4
  • Pin D5 connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin ENB

XL4015 5A DC Buck Step-down

  • Pin Output + connected to 9V Battery pin +
  • Pin Output + connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin 12V
  • Pin Output + connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin VIN
  • Pin Output - connected to Line Sensor pin GND
  • Pin Output - connected to 9V Battery pin -
  • Pin Output - connected to L298N DC Motor Driver pin GND
  • Pin Output - connected to Nano 3.0 ATmega328P pin GND

Code

No code provided for this circuit.