Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a robotic system designed to detect and extinguish flames. The system uses an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller to control various sensors and actuators, including flame sensors, an ultrasonic distance sensor, a motor driver, and servos. The system is powered by a 2x 18650 battery pack and a DC-DC converter. The Arduino Uno R3 is programmed to navigate, detect flames, and activate a water pump to extinguish detected flames.

Component List

Arduino Uno R3

• Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
• Pins: D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, GND, AREF, SDA, SCL, D0/RX, D1/Tx, D2, D3, D4, D5, 6, D7, A5/SCL, A4/SDA, A3, A2, A1, A0, Vin, 5V, 3.3V, RESET, IOREF, NONE, USB Jack, Power Jack

DCDC 12V/5V 3A

• Description: DC-DC converter to step down voltage from 12V to 5V.
• Pins: 12V (+), GND, 5V (+), Vin (+), V in (-)

2x 18650

• Description: Battery pack providing power to the system.
• Pins: vcc, gnd

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (Wokwi Compatible)

• Description: Ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement.
• Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND

L298N DC Motor Driver

• Description: Motor driver to control DC motors.
• Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

Hobby Gearmotor with 48:1 Gearbox

• Description: DC motor with a 48:1 gearbox.
• Pins: pin 1, pin 2

KY-026 Flame Sensor

• Description: Sensor to detect flames.
• Pins: A0, GND, VCC, D0

Servo

• Description: Servo motor for precise control.
• Pins: GND, VCC, PWM

ESP 32 DEVKIT V1 (30 pins)

• Description: Microcontroller board with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.
• Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, VIN, 3V3, D15, D2, D4, RX2, TX2, D5, D18, D19, D21, RX0, TX0, D22, D23

Resistor (10k Ohms)

• Description: Resistor with a resistance of 10k Ohms.
• Pins: pin1, pin2

Resistor (15k Ohms)

• Description: Resistor with a resistance of 15k Ohms.
• Pins: pin1, pin2

MQ-2

• Description: Gas sensor for detecting smoke and flammable gases.
• Pins: GND, VCC, ANALOG, Digital

1 Channel Relay 5V

• Description: Relay module for switching high-power devices.
• Pins: VCC, GND, IN, NC, COM, NO

Water Pump

• Description: Pump for extinguishing flames.
• Pins: VCC, GND

Wiring Details

Arduino Uno R3

• Vin: Connected to 5V (+) of DCDC 12V/5V 3A
• GND: Connected to GND of DCDC 12V/5V 3A, 2x 18650, L298N DC motor driver, Water Pump, 1 Channel Relay 5V, MQ-2, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor, KY-026 Flame Sensors, Servos
• D0/RX: Connected to TX2 of ESP 32 DEVKIT V1
• D1/Tx: Connected to RX2 of ESP 32 DEVKIT V1
• D2: Connected to D0 of KY-026 Flame Sensor (left)
• D3: Connected to D0 of KY-026 Flame Sensor (center)
• D4: Connected to D0 of KY-026 Flame Sensor (right)
• D5: Connected to ENA of L298N DC motor driver
• 6: Connected to ENB of L298N DC motor driver
• D7: Connected to IN1 of L298N DC motor driver
• D8: Connected to IN2 of L298N DC motor driver
• D9: Connected to IN3 of L298N DC motor driver
• D10: Connected to IN4 of L298N DC motor driver
• D11: Connected to TRIG of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
• D12: Connected to ECHO of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
• D13: Connected to IN of 1 Channel Relay 5V
• A0: Connected to PWM of Servo (flame-extinguishing)
• A1: Connected to PWM of Servo (ultrasonic)

DCDC 12V/5V 3A

• Vin (+): Connected to vcc of 2x 18650
• V in (-): Connected to gnd of 2x 18650
• 5V (+): Connected to Vin of Arduino Uno R3, VCC of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor, VCC of KY-026 Flame Sensors, VCC of 1 Channel Relay 5V, COM of 1 Channel Relay 5V, VCC of Servos, VCC of MQ-2

2x 18650

• vcc: Connected to Vin (+) of DCDC 12V/5V 3A
• gnd: Connected to V in (-) of DCDC 12V/5V 3A

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (Wokwi Compatible)

• VCC: Connected to 5V (+) of DCDC 12V/5V 3A
• TRIG: Connected to D11 of Arduino Uno R3
• ECHO: Connected to D12 of Arduino Uno R3
• GND: Connected to GND of DCDC 12V/5V 3A

L298N DC Motor Driver

• 12V: Connected to Vin (+) of DCDC 12V/5V 3A
• GND: Connected to GND of DCDC 12V/5V 3A
• ENA: Connected to D5 of Arduino Uno R3
• ENB: Connected to 6 of Arduino Uno R3
• IN1: Connected to D7 of Arduino Uno R3
• IN2: Connected to D8 of Arduino Uno R3
• IN3: Connected to D9 of Arduino Uno R3
• IN4: Connected to D10 of Arduino Uno R3
• OUT1: Connected to pin 2 of Hobby Gearmotor (left)
• OUT2: Connected to pin 1 of Hobby Gearmotor (left)
• OUT3: Connected to pin 2 of Hobby Gearmotor (right)
• OUT4: Connected to pin 1 of Hobby Gearmotor (right)

Hobby Gearmotor with 48:1 Gearbox (left)

• pin 1: Connected to OUT2 of L298N DC motor driver
• pin 2: Connected to OUT1 of L298N DC motor driver

Hobby Gearmotor with 48:1 Gearbox (right)

• pin 1: Connected to OUT4 of L298N DC motor driver
• pin 2: Connected to OUT3 of L298N DC motor driver

KY-026 Flame Sensor (left)

• D0: Connected to D2 of Arduino Uno R3
• GND: Connected to GND of DCDC 12V/5V 3A
• VCC: Connected to 5V (+) of DCDC 12V/5V 3A

KY-026 Flame Sensor (center)

• D0: Connected to D3 of Arduino Uno R3
• GND: Connected to GND of DCDC 12V/5V 3A
• VCC: Connected to 5V (+) of DCDC 12V/5V 3A

KY-026 Flame Sensor (right)

• D0: Connected to D4 of Arduino Uno R3
• GND: Connected to GND of DCDC 12V/5V 3A
• VCC: Connected to 5V