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Arduino UNO Controlled Stepper Motor with LED Indicators and Limit Switch

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit involves an Arduino UNO microcontroller controlling a stepper motor via an A4988 stepper motor driver. The circuit also includes a four-pin LED, push buttons, limit switches, and a quad output power supply. The Arduino UNO is programmed to control the stepper motor and LEDs based on input from the push buttons and limit switches.

Component List

  1. Stepper Motor (Bipolar)

    • Description: A bipolar stepper motor with four pins.
    • Pins: D, B, C, A

  2. A4988 Stepper Motor Driver (Red)

    • Description: A stepper motor driver with multiple control and power pins.
    • Pins: ENABLE, MS1, MS2, MS3, RESET, SLEEP, STEP, DIR, VMOT, GND, 2B, 2A, 1A, 1B, VDD

  3. Arduino UNO

    • Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
    • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

  4. LED: Four Pin (Common Cathode)

    • Description: A four-pin LED with common cathode configuration.
    • Pins: red anode, common cathode, green anode, blue anode

  5. 2Pin Push Switch

    • Description: A two-pin push switch.
    • Pins: Input +, Output +

  6. Limit Switch

    • Description: A limit switch with three pins.
    • Pins: C, NO, NC

  7. Push Button Round

    • Description: A round push button with two pins.
    • Pins: leg0, leg1

  8. Quad Output Power Supply

    • Description: A power supply with multiple outputs.
    • Pins: None

Wiring Details

Stepper Motor (Bipolar)

A4988 Stepper Motor Driver (Red)

Arduino UNO

LED: Four Pin (Common Cathode)

2Pin Push Switch

Limit Switch

Push Button Round

Quad Output Power Supply

Documented Code

Arduino UNO Code

#include <AccelStepper.h> //adds the AccelStepper Library

//define motor pins
const int stepPin = 2;
const int dirPin = 3;

//sets the pins for the stepper motor
AccelStepper stepper(AccelStepper::DRIVER, stepPin, dirPin);

//define led pins
const int greenLED = 8;
const int redLED = 9;

//define button/switch pins
const int latchingButton = 7;
const int limitSwitch = 4;

//define movement pins
const int backwardPin = 11;
const int forwardPin = 12;

//declare variables for input values
int buttonValue;
int switchValue;
int backValue;
int forwardValue;

//define changeable variables
float diameter = 18.89;        //diameter of syringe (mm)
float volFlowRate = 5;         //Flow rate of pump (ml/min)

//constant variables for calculations
const float pi = 3.14;                  //defining pi
const int rotationSteps = 3200;         //(steps/revolution) for motor (sixteenth step resolution microstepping)
const int distancePerRotation = 8;      //(mm/rotation) for lead screw

//calculating values for other variables
float radius = diameter / 2;                                     //convert diameter to radius
float area = pi * radius * radius;                               //calculates cross-secitonal area of syringe
float velocity = (volFlowRate * 1000 / 60) / area;               //calculates linear velocity of the syringe (mm/s) from the flow rate
float speed = (velocity / distancePerRotation) * rotationSteps;  //converts velocity from mm/s to steps/s

void setup() {
  //set green and red LED pins to output
  pinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT);
  //set the input components to input pullups
  pinMode(latchingButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(limitSwitch, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(forwardPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(backwardPin, INPUT_PULLUP);

  stepper.setAcceleration(100);         //sets the acceleration of motor to 100 steps/s^2
  stepper.setMaxSpeed(1000);            //sets stepper motor max speed
  /* max speed = 1000 steps/s but motor goes 3200 steps/rotation*/
}

void loop() {
  //defining previously declared variables by reading the input values
  buttonValue = digitalRead(latchingButton);
  switchValue = digitalRead(limitSwitch);
  backValue = digitalRead(backwardPin);
  forwardValue = digitalRead(forwardPin);

  if (buttonValue == 0 && switchValue == 0) {         //if latching button is pressed and the switch is not pressed
    stepper.setSpeed(speed);                          //sets the speed of the stepper motor based on calculation
    stepper.runSpeed();                               //runs the speed set for motor
    digitalWrite(greenLED, 1);                        //turns green LED on
    digitalWrite(redLED, 0);                          //turns red LED off
    stepper.runSpeed();                               //runs the speed again to ensure motor is working at correct speed
  } else if (buttonValue == 0 && switchValue == 1) {  //if latching button on and switch is pressed stop motor
    digitalWrite(greenLED, 0);                        //turn green LED off
    digitalWrite(redLED, 1);                          //turn red LED on
  } else {                                            //if previous conditions are not met pause motor
    digitalWrite(greenLED, 1);                        //turn on green LED
    digitalWrite(redLED, 1);                          //turn on red LED
    if (forwardValue == 0 && buttonValue == 1) {      //while paused, if forward button is pressed move carriage forwards
      stepper.setSpeed(1000);                         //sets the speed of the stepper motor to max speed (steps/s)
      stepper.runSpeed();                             //runs the speed
    } else if (backValue == 0 && buttonValue == 1) {  //while paused if back buttton is pressed move carriage backwards
      stepper.setSpeed(-