Waste Segregation System Circuit Documentation

Summary

The Waste Segregation System is designed to automatically sort waste into three categories: wet, dry, and metal. The system utilizes an Arduino UNO as the central processing unit, interfacing with various sensors to detect the type of waste. A servo motor and a stepper motor are employed to facilitate the physical segregation of waste. The circuit is powered by a 7.4V power source, and the Arduino UNO regulates the 5V supply for the low-power components.

Component List

Arduino UNO

• Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
• It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

YL-83 Rain Sensor - Detection Board

• A sensor board used to detect rainwater.

Rain/Snow Sensor - Board

• A sensor board that can detect rain or snow using analog and digital outputs.

LJC18A3-B-Z/BY Capacitive Proximity Sensor

• A capacitive type proximity sensor that can detect metallic and non-metallic objects.

IR Sensor

• An infrared sensor used for object detection.

Buzzer

• An electronic buzzer for audible alerts.

Stepper Motor One

• A stepper motor used for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity, and acceleration.

Servo Motor 9G

• A small and lightweight servo motor for precise control of motion.

7.4V Battery

• A power source for the stepper motor.

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V: Powers the IR sensor and Rain/Snow Sensor Board.
• GND: Common ground for IR sensor, Rain/Snow Sensor Board, Buzzer, and Servo Motor 9G.
• A0: Connected to the analog output of the Rain/Snow Sensor Board.
• D2: Connected to the digital output of the IR sensor.
• D3: Connected to the signal pin of the LJC18A3-B-Z/BY Capacitive Proximity Sensor.
• D4: Connected to the positive pin of the Buzzer.
• D7: Connected to the PWM pin of the Servo Motor 9G.
• D8, D9, D10, D11: Connected to the input pins IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4 of the Stepper Motor One respectively.

YL-83 Rain Sensor - Detection Board

• POS: Connected to pin 2 of the Rain/Snow Sensor Board.
• NEG: Connected to pin 1 of the Rain/Snow Sensor Board.

Rain/Snow Sensor - Board

• A0 (Analog): Connected to A0 on the Arduino UNO.
• D0 (Digital): Not used in this circuit.
• GND: Connected to GND on the Arduino UNO.
• VCC (5V): Connected to 5V on the Arduino UNO.

LJC18A3-B-Z/BY Capacitive Proximity Sensor

• SIG (BLK): Connected to D3 on the Arduino UNO.

IR Sensor

• out: Connected to D2 on the Arduino UNO.
• gnd: Connected to GND on the Arduino UNO.
• vcc: Connected to 5V on the Arduino UNO.

Buzzer

• POSITIVE: Connected to D4 on the Arduino UNO.
• NEGATIVE: Connected to GND on the Arduino UNO.

Stepper Motor One

• IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4: Connected to D8, D9, D10, D11 on the Arduino UNO respectively.
• +: Connected to + on the 7.4V battery.
• -: Connected to - on the 7.4V battery.

Servo Motor 9G

• VCC 5V: Not directly connected in this circuit.
• PMW: Connected to D7 on the Arduino UNO.
• GND: Connected to GND on the Arduino UNO.

7.4V Battery

• +: Powers the Stepper Motor One.
• -: Common ground for the Stepper Motor One.

Documented Code

/*
 * Waste Segregation System
 * This Arduino sketch segregates waste into wet, dry, and metal categories
 * using a servo motor, stepper motor, and various sensors.
 */

#include <Servo.h>
#include "CheapStepper.h"

// Pin definitions
const int moistureSensorPin = A0;
const int irSensorPin = 2;
const int proximitySensorPin = 3;
const int buzzerPin = 4;
const int servoPin = 7; // Corrected from 9 to 7 based on wiring details
const int stepperIn1 = 8;
const int stepperIn2 = 9;
const int stepperIn3 = 10;
const int stepperIn4 = 11;

// Servo and stepper motor objects
Servo myServo;
CheapStepper myStepper(stepperIn1, stepperIn2, stepperIn3, stepperIn4);

void setup() {
  // Initialize serial communication
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Initialize sensors
  pinMode(moistureSensorPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(irSensorPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(proximitySensorPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);

  // Attach servo motor
  myServo.attach(servoPin);

  // Set initial positions
  myServo.write(90); // Neutral position
  myStepper.setRpm(15); // Set stepper motor speed
}

void loop() {
  // Read sensor values
  int moistureValue = analogRead(moistureSensorPin);
  int irValue = digitalRead(irSensorPin);
  int proximityValue = digitalRead(proximitySensorPin);

  // Check for wet waste
  if (moistureValue > 500) {
    Serial.println("Wet waste detected");
    myServo.write(0); // Move servo to wet waste position
    delay(1000);
    myServo.write(90); // Return to neutral position
  }
  // Check for metal waste
  else if (proximityValue == HIGH) {
    Serial.println("Metal waste detected");
    myStepper.move(true, 100); // Move stepper motor to metal waste position
    delay(1000);
    myStepper.move(false, 100); // Return to neutral position
  }
  // Check for dry waste
  else if (irValue == HIGH) {
    Serial.println("Dry waste detected");
    myServo.write(180); // Move servo to dry waste position
    delay(1000);
    myServo.write(90); // Return to neutral position
  }
  // No waste detected
  else {
    Serial.println("No waste detected");
    digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW); // Turn off buzzer
  }

  delay(500); // Wait before next iteration
}

Note: The servoPin was corrected from 9 to 7 in the code to match the wiring details provided.