Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed around an ESP32 microcontroller and interfaces with multiple sensors (BMP280, INA219, Adafruit BNO055). It communicates data via LoRa (SX1278) and XBee (S2C) modules. The ESP32 collects data from the sensors, transmits it via LoRa and XBee, and stores it in an SD card in CSV format at a 1Hz sampling rate. Additionally, the ESP32 can receive remote commands via LoRa or XBee to control a MOSFET gate.

Component List

1. LoRa Ra-02 SX1278

   • Description: LoRa transceiver module
   • Pins: GND, NSS, MOSI, MISO, SCK, D105, DI04, 3.3V, RST, DI00, DI01, D102, DI03

2. Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT

   • Description: 9-DOF absolute orientation sensor
   • Pins: INT_3V, I2CADDR_3V, PS0_3V, PS1_3V, VCC, 3.3V, GND, SCL, SDA, RESET

3. INA219

   • Description: High-side DC current sensor
   • Pins: VCC, GND, SCL, SDA, VIN -, VIN +

4. BMP280

   • Description: Barometric pressure sensor
   • Pins: SDO, CSB, SDA, SCL, GND, VCC

5. ESP32 (30 pin)

   • Description: Microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities
   • Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, Vin, D23, D22, TX0, RX0, D21, D19, D18, D5, TX2, RX2, D4, D2, D15, 3V3

6. L89HA Breakout

   • Description: GPS module
   • Pins: TX, RX, 3.3, GND

7. Mosfet

   • Description: MOSFET transistor
   • Pins: Gate, Drain, Source

8. Electrolytic Capacitor

   • Description: Capacitor with 4 Farads capacitance
   • Pins: -, +

9. Resistor

   • Description: Resistor with 12.5 Ohms resistance
   • Pins: pin1, pin2

10. XBEE S2C

    • Description: XBee module for wireless communication
    • Pins: VCC, DOUT, DIN, GND

11. SD CARD MODULE

    • Description: SD card module for data storage
    • Pins: CS, SCK, MOSI, MISO, VCC, GND

Wiring Details

LoRa Ra-02 SX1278

• NSS connected to ESP32 D5
• MOSI connected to ESP32 D23 and SD CARD MODULE MOSI
• MISO connected to ESP32 D19 and SD CARD MODULE MISO
• SCK connected to ESP32 D18 and SD CARD MODULE SCK
• GND connected to ESP32 GND, SD CARD MODULE GND, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT GND, and XBEE S2C GND
• 3.3V connected to ESP32 3V3, SD CARD MODULE VCC, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT 3.3V, L89HA Breakout 3.3, INA219 VCC, BMP280 VCC, and XBEE S2C VCC

Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT

• GND connected to ESP32 GND, SD CARD MODULE GND, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 GND, and XBEE S2C GND
• 3.3V connected to ESP32 3V3, SD CARD MODULE VCC, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 3.3V, L89HA Breakout 3.3, INA219 VCC, BMP280 VCC, and XBEE S2C VCC
• SCL connected to ESP32 D22, INA219 SCL, and BMP280 SCL
• SDA connected to ESP32 D21, INA219 SDA, and BMP280 SDA

INA219

• GND connected to ESP32 GND, SD CARD MODULE GND, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 GND, and XBEE S2C GND
• VCC connected to ESP32 3V3, SD CARD MODULE VCC, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 3.3V, L89HA Breakout 3.3, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT 3.3V, BMP280 VCC, and XBEE S2C VCC
• SCL connected to ESP32 D22, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT SCL, and BMP280 SCL
• SDA connected to ESP32 D21, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT SDA, and BMP280 SDA

BMP280

• GND connected to ESP32 GND, SD CARD MODULE GND, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 GND, and XBEE S2C GND
• VCC connected to ESP32 3V3, SD CARD MODULE VCC, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 3.3V, L89HA Breakout 3.3, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT 3.3V, and INA219 VCC
• SCL connected to ESP32 D22, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT SCL, and INA219 SCL
• SDA connected to ESP32 D21, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT SDA, and INA219 SDA

ESP32 (30 pin)

• D5 connected to LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 NSS
• D23 connected to LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 MOSI and SD CARD MODULE MOSI
• D19 connected to LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 MISO and SD CARD MODULE MISO
• D18 connected to LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 SCK and SD CARD MODULE SCK
• GND connected to SD CARD MODULE GND, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT GND, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 GND, XBEE S2C GND, L89HA Breakout GND, INA219 GND, and BMP280 GND
• 3V3 connected to SD CARD MODULE VCC, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT 3.3V, L89HA Breakout 3.3, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 3.3V, INA219 VCC, BMP280 VCC, and XBEE S2C VCC
• RX0 connected to L89HA Breakout TX
• TX0 connected to L89HA Breakout RX
• D22 connected to Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT SCL, INA219 SCL, and BMP280 SCL
• D21 connected to Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT SDA, INA219 SDA, and BMP280 SDA
• TX2 connected to XBEE S2C DIN
• RX2 connected to XBEE S2C DOUT
• D4 connected to Mosfet Gate
• D15 connected to SD CARD MODULE CS

L89HA Breakout

• TX connected to ESP32 RX0
• RX connected to ESP32 TX0
• 3.3 connected to ESP32 3V3, SD CARD MODULE VCC, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT 3.3V, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 3.3V, INA219 VCC, BMP280 VCC, and XBEE S2C VCC
• GND connected to ESP32 GND, SD CARD MODULE GND, Adafruit BNO055 STEMMA QT GND, LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 GND, INA219 GND, and BMP280 GND

Mosfet

• Gate connected to ESP32 D4
• Drain connected to Electrolytic Capacitor +
• Source connected to