Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control multiple DC motors using an Arduino UNO microcontroller in conjunction with an L298N DC motor driver. The speed and direction of the motors are determined by the input from an analog joystick and multiple potentiometers. A 12V battery provides power to the system, with voltage regulation for the Arduino and other components that require 5V.

Component List

Arduino UNO

• Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
• Provides I/O pins and power to the circuit
• Used for reading inputs and controlling outputs

MRB Planetary Gearbox Motor (x2)

• DC motor with a gearbox for increased torque
• Controlled by the L298N motor driver

Analog Joystick (Wokwi Compatible)

• Provides two-axis control input
• Connected to the Arduino for directional control of the motors

Potentiometer (x4)

• Variable resistor used for adjusting motor speed and delay
• Connected to the Arduino's analog inputs

L298N DC Motor Driver

• H-Bridge motor driver capable of driving two DC motors
• Interfaces between the Arduino and the motors

12V Battery

• Provides power to the motor driver and the Arduino (via Vin)

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V and GND pins provide power to the potentiometers and the joystick
• Vin connected to the 12V battery for power
• Analog inputs A0 and A1 connected to the joystick for X and Y axis control
• Analog inputs A2, A3, and additional unspecified pins connected to potentiometers for speed and delay control
• Digital pins D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, and D9 connected to the L298N motor driver for motor control signals

MRB Planetary Gearbox Motors

• One motor connected to OUT1 and OUT2 of the L298N motor driver
• Another motor connected to OUT3 and OUT4 of the L298N motor driver

Analog Joystick (Wokwi Compatible)

• VCC and GND connected to the Arduino for power
• VERT connected to A0 on the Arduino for vertical axis control
• HORZ connected to A1 on the Arduino for horizontal axis control

Potentiometers

• All VCC pins connected to 5V on the Arduino
• All GND pins connected to GND on the Arduino
• Output pins connected to various analog inputs on the Arduino for speed and delay control

L298N DC Motor Driver

• 12V and GND connected to the 12V battery
• ENA and ENB connected to D5 and D9 on the Arduino for enabling motor outputs
• IN1, IN2, IN3, and IN4 connected to D2, D3, D4, and D6 on the Arduino for motor direction control
• OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, and OUT4 connected to the MRB Planetary gearbox motors

12V Battery

• VCC connected to 12V on the L298N motor driver and Vin on the Arduino
• GND connected to GND on the L298N motor driver and the Arduino

Documented Code

// Motor pins
const int motor1Pin1 = 2;
const int motor1Pin2 = 3;
const int motor1PWM = 5;

const int motor2Pin1 = 4;
const int motor2Pin2 = 6;
const int motor2PWM = 9;

// Potentiometer pins for speed control
const int potSpeed1 = A2;
const int potSpeed2 = A3;

// Joystick pins
const int joyX = A0;
const int joyY = A1;

void setup() {
  // Motor pins as outputs
  pinMode(motor1Pin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motor1Pin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motor1PWM, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(motor2Pin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motor2Pin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motor2PWM, OUTPUT);

  // Initialize serial communication
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  // Read joystick values
  int joyXVal = analogRead(joyX);
  int joyYVal = analogRead(joyY);

  // Read potentiometer values for speed control
  int speed1 = map(analogRead(potSpeed1), 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  int speed2 = map(analogRead(potSpeed2), 0, 1023, 0, 255);

  // Control motor 1 direction based on joystick X axis
  if (joyXVal > 512) {
    digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);
  } else if (joyXVal < 512) {
    digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);
  }

  // Control motor 2 direction based on joystick Y axis
  if (joyYVal > 512) {
    digitalWrite(motor2Pin1, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(motor2Pin2, LOW);
  } else if (joyYVal < 512) {
    digitalWrite(motor2Pin1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(motor2Pin2, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(motor2Pin1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(motor2Pin2, LOW);
  }

  // Apply PWM for speed control
  analogWrite(motor1PWM, speed1);
  analogWrite(motor2PWM, speed2);
}

Note: The provided code snippet is a partial representation of the full code. It includes setup and loop functions for motor control based on joystick input and potentiometer readings for speed control. The code is designed to be uploaded to the Arduino UNO microcontroller.