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Arduino-Based Solar and Grid Power Management System with Battery Backup

Image of Arduino-Based Solar and Grid Power Management System with Battery Backup

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to manage power from a solar panel and a 12V battery, with an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) Solar Charge Controller (SCC) to optimize the charging process. The circuit also includes a power inverter to convert DC to AC, a relay module to switch between power sources, and an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller to control the relays and LEDs indicating the power source status. Additionally, a voltage sensor is used to monitor the battery voltage, and a 3-position switch allows manual selection between power sources.

Component List

  1. Power Inverter

    • Description: Converts DC power to AC power.
    • Pins: +, -

  2. 12V 5Ah Battery

    • Description: Provides 12V DC power.
    • Pins: 12v +, 12v -

  3. Solar Panel

    • Description: Generates DC power from sunlight.
    • Pins: +, -

  4. MPPT SCC

    • Description: Optimizes the charging of the battery from the solar panel.
    • Pins: SOLAR+, SOLAR-, BATTERY+, BATTERY-, LOAD+, LOAD-

  5. Relay 4 Channel 5V

    • Description: Switches between different power sources.
    • Pins: GND, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, VCC, COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, NO1, NO2, NO3, NO4, NC1, NC2, NC3, NC4

  6. Arduino Uno R3

    • Description: Microcontroller for controlling relays and LEDs.
    • Pins: D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, GND, AREF, SDA, SCL, D0/RX, D1/Tx, D2, D3, D4, D5, 6, D7, A5/SCL, A4/SDA, A3, A2, A1, A0, Vin, 5V, 3.3V, RESET, IOREF, NONE, USB Jack, Power Jack

  7. LED: Two Pin (Green)

    • Description: Indicates the status of the solar power source.
    • Pins: cathode, anode

  8. LED: Two Pin (Red)

    • Description: Indicates the status of the grid power source.
    • Pins: cathode, anode

  9. Voltage Sensor DC 25V

    • Description: Monitors the voltage of the battery.
    • Pins: +, -, output, gnd, vcc

  10. AC Wall Plug Point

    • Description: Provides AC power from the wall outlet.
    • Pins: E, N, L

  11. Red Light 220VAC

    • Description: Indicates the status of the AC power.
    • Pins: +, -

  12. Alternative Current (AC)

    • Description: Represents the AC power source.
    • Pins: Line, Neutral

  13. 3 Position Switch

    • Description: Allows manual selection between power sources.
    • Pins: 23, 11, 24, 12

Wiring Details

Power Inverter

  • Pin - connected to:

    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (-)
    • MPPT SCC (BATTERY-)
    • 12V 5Ah Battery (12v -)
    • AC Wall Plug Point (N)
    • Alternative Current (AC) (Neutral)
    • Red Light 220VAC (-)

  • Pin + connected to:

    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (+)
    • MPPT SCC (BATTERY+)
    • 12V 5Ah Battery (12v +)
    • Relay 4 Channel 5V (COM2)

12V 5Ah Battery

  • Pin 12v + connected to:

    • Power Inverter (+)
    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (+)
    • MPPT SCC (BATTERY+)

  • Pin 12v - connected to:

    • Power Inverter (-)
    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (-)
    • MPPT SCC (BATTERY-)

Solar Panel

  • Pin + connected to:

    • MPPT SCC (SOLAR+)

  • Pin - connected to:

    • MPPT SCC (SOLAR-)

MPPT SCC

  • Pin SOLAR+ connected to:

    • Solar Panel (+)

  • Pin SOLAR- connected to:

    • Solar Panel (-)

  • Pin BATTERY+ connected to:

    • Power Inverter (+)
    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (+)
    • 12V 5Ah Battery (12v +)

  • Pin BATTERY- connected to:

    • Power Inverter (-)
    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (-)
    • 12V 5Ah Battery (12v -)

Relay 4 Channel 5V

  • Pin GND connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (GND)
    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (gnd)
    • LED: Two Pin (Green) (cathode)
    • LED: Two Pin (Red) (cathode)

  • Pin IN1 connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (D2)

  • Pin IN2 connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (D3)

  • Pin VCC connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (5V)
    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (vcc)

  • Pin COM1 connected to:

    • Alternative Current (AC) (Line)

  • Pin NO1 connected to:

    • 3 Position Switch (11)

  • Pin NO2 connected to:

    • 3 Position Switch (23)

  • Pin COM2 connected to:

    • Power Inverter (+)

Arduino Uno R3

  • Pin GND connected to:

    • Relay 4 Channel 5V (GND)
    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (gnd)
    • LED: Two Pin (Green) (cathode)
    • LED: Two Pin (Red) (cathode)

  • Pin D2 connected to:

    • Relay 4 Channel 5V (IN1)

  • Pin D3 connected to:

    • Relay 4 Channel 5V (IN2)

  • Pin 5V connected to:

    • Relay 4 Channel 5V (VCC)
    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (vcc)

  • Pin 6 connected to:

    • LED: Two Pin (Red) (anode)

  • Pin D7 connected to:

    • LED: Two Pin (Green) (anode)

  • Pin A1 connected to:

    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (output)

LED: Two Pin (Green)

  • Pin cathode connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (GND)
    • Relay 4 Channel 5V (GND)
    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (gnd)

  • Pin anode connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (D7)

LED: Two Pin (Red)

  • Pin cathode connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (GND)
    • Relay 4 Channel 5V (GND)
    • Voltage Sensor DC 25V (gnd)

  • Pin anode connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (6)

Voltage Sensor DC 25V

  • Pin + connected to:

    • Power Inverter (+)
    • MPPT SCC (BATTERY+)
    • 12V 5Ah Battery (12v +)

  • Pin - connected to:

    • Power Inverter (-)
    • MPPT SCC (BATTERY-)
    • 12V 5Ah Battery (12v -)

  • Pin output connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (A1)

  • Pin gnd connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (GND)
    • Relay 4 Channel 5V (GND)
    • LED: Two Pin (Green) (cathode)
    • LED: Two Pin (Red) (cathode)

  • Pin vcc connected to:

    • Arduino Uno R3 (5V)
    • Relay 4 Channel 5V (VCC)

AC Wall Plug Point

  • Pin N connected to:

    • Power Inverter (-)
    • Alternative Current (AC) (Neutral)
    • Red Light 220VAC (-)

  • Pin L connected to:

    • 3 Position Switch (24)
    • 3 Position Switch (12)
    • Red Light 220VAC (+)

Red Light 220VAC

  • Pin - connected to:

    • Power Inverter (-)
    • AC Wall Plug Point (N)
    • Alternative Current (AC) (Neutral)

  • Pin + connected to:

    • AC Wall Plug Point (L)
    • 3 Position Switch (24)
    • 3 Position Switch (12)

Alternative Current (AC)

  • **Pin Line