Project Documentation

Arduino-Controlled Automatic Food Dispenser with RTC Scheduling and Sound Activation

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to perform various functions including sound detection, timekeeping, servo control, and Bluetooth communication. It features an Arduino UNO microcontroller at its core, interfaced with a KY-037 microphone sensor, a DS1307 real-time clock module, two MG996R servos, a Bluetooth HC-06 module, a 4-channel relay, LEDs, pushbuttons, resistors, diodes, and capacitors. The circuit is powered by a 9V battery and a 12V power supply. The Arduino UNO controls the components based on sensor inputs, time, and Bluetooth commands to perform actions such as dispensing food at scheduled times or upon receiving a command.

Component List

LEDs

LED: Two Pin (red): Red LEDs used as indicators in the circuit.

Microphone

KY-037 Microphone: A sound detection sensor module with both analog and digital outputs.

Bluetooth Module

Bluetooth HC-06: A Bluetooth module for wireless communication.

Power Supplies

9V Battery: Provides power to the circuit.
12V Power Supply: Provides power to the circuit.

Timer IC

555 Timer IC: A versatile timer IC for generating precise time delays and oscillations.

Real Time Clock Module

Real Time Clock Module - DS1307 RTC Breakout Board: A real-time clock module for keeping track of the current time and date.

Servos

MG996R: High-torque digital servos for controlling mechanical components.

Relay Module

Relay 4 Channel 5v: A 4-channel relay module for controlling high power loads.

Capacitors

Electrolytic Capacitor: Used for filtering and stabilizing the power supply.

Diodes

Diode: Used for directing current flow and protecting the circuit from reverse voltage.

Resistors

Resistor: Used to limit current and divide voltages in the circuit.

Pushbuttons

Pushbutton: A momentary switch used for user input.

Microcontroller

Arduino UNO: The main controller of the circuit, programmed to manage the components and execute the logic.

Wiring Details

KY-037 Microphone

Analog output to Arduino UNO A1
Ground to common ground net
VCC to 5V net

Bluetooth HC-06

VCC to 5V net
GND to common ground net
TXD to Arduino UNO D0
RXD to Arduino UNO D1

9V Battery

Positive to 5V net
Negative to common ground net

12V Power Supply

Positive to 12V net
Negative to common ground net

555 Timer IC

VCC+ to 5V net
Dis to 5V net
Th to resistor (1k Ohm) and electrolytic capacitor (0.00047 Farads) net
CV to common ground net
Rst to 5V net
Out to Arduino UNO D8
Trig to pushbutton net
GND to common ground net

DS1307 RTC Breakout Board

5V to 5V net
GND to common ground net
SQW to Arduino UNO A2
SCL to Arduino UNO A5
SDA to Arduino UNO A4

MG996R Servos

GND to common ground net
VCC to 12V net
SIG to Arduino UNO D9 and D10

Relay 4 Channel 5v

GND to common ground net
IN1 to Arduino UNO D11
IN2 to Arduino UNO D12
IN3 to Arduino UNO D13
IN4 to Arduino UNO A0
VCC to 5V net

LEDs

Cathode to resistor (220 Ohms) net
Anode to Arduino UNO D2, D3, D4, D5

Pushbuttons

Pin 1 (in) to 5V net
Pin 2 (in) to pushbutton net
Pin 3 (out) to Arduino UNO D6 and D7
Pin 4 (out) to Arduino UNO A3

Resistors

220 Ohms between LED cathodes and ground net
1k Ohm between 555 Timer IC Th pin and ground net

Electrolytic Capacitors

Positive to 5V net or 12V net
Negative to common ground net

Documented Code

#include <Wire.h>         // For I2C communication (RTC and other I2C devices)
#include <RTClib.h>       // RTC library for DS1307
#include <Servo.h>        // Servo library

// Pin Definitions
const int led1 = 2;
const int led2 = 3;
const int led3 = 4;
const int led4 = 5;
const int button1 = 6;
const int button2 = 7;
const int relay1 = 11;
const int relay2 = 12;
const int relay3 = 13;
const int relay4 = A0;
const int soundSensorPin = A1;
const int servo1Pin = 9;
const int servo2Pin = 10;

// Components
Servo servo1;
Servo servo2;
RTC_DS1307 rtc;

void setup() {
  // Serial Communication for Bluetooth
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Pin Modes
  pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(button1, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(button2, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(relay1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relay2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relay3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relay4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(soundSensorPin, INPUT);

  // Attach Servos
  servo1.attach(servo1Pin);
  servo2.attach(servo2Pin);

  // Initialize RTC
  if (!rtc.begin()) {
    Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");
    while (1);
  }
  if (!rtc.isrunning()) {
    Serial.println("RTC is NOT running!");
    rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__))); // Set the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
  }

  // Initial states
  digitalWrite(relay1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(relay2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(relay3, LOW);
  digitalWrite(relay4, LOW);
  servo1.write(0);  // Initial position for Servo 1
  servo2.write(0);  // Initial position for Servo 2
}

void loop() {
  // Get current time from RTC
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  
  // Feeding schedule (e.g., feed at 8:00 AM and 6:00 PM)
  if ((now.hour() == 8 && now.minute() == 0) || (now.hour() == 18 && now.minute() == 0)) {
    dispenseFood();
  }

  // LED Control (optional for indicator)
  digitalWrite(led1, HIGH);  // Turn on LED 1 to indicate system is active
  delay(500);                // Wait for 500ms
  digitalWrite(led1, LOW);   // Turn off LED 1
  delay(500);                // Wait for 500ms

  // Check Button 1 for manual food dispensing
  if (digitalRead(button1) == LOW) {
    delay(50); // Debounce delay
    while (digitalRead(button1) == LOW);  // Wait for button release
    dispenseFood();  // Manually dispense food when button is pressed
  }

  // Sound Sensor Detection for automatic dispensing (optional feature)
  int soundLevel = analogRead(soundSensorPin);
  if (soundLevel > 500) {  // Example threshold for sound detection
    Serial.println("Sound Detected!");
    dispenseFood();
  }

  // Bluetooth Command (Send 'F' to feed or 'T' to get current time)
  if (Serial.available()) {
    char command = Serial.read();
    if (command == 'F') {
      dispenseFood();  // Bluetooth command to dispense food
    } else if (command == 'T') {
      sendCurrentTime();
    }
  }
}

// Function to dispense food using servos
void dispenseFood() {
  Serial.println("Dispensing food...");
  
  // Rotate Servo 1 to release food
  servo1.write(90);   // Move Servo 1 to 90 degrees
  delay(1000);        // Wait for food to dispense
  servo1.write(0);    // Move Servo 1 back to 0 degrees
  delay(1000);        // Wait

  // Rotate Servo 2 to reset dispenser or perform additional task
  servo2.write(90);   // Move Servo 2 to 90 degrees
  delay(1000);
  servo2.write(0);    // Reset Servo 2
  delay(1000);

  // Indicate that food has been dispensed
  digitalWrite(led2, HIGH); // Turn