Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to segregate dry and wet waste using an Arduino UNO microcontroller. It utilizes various sensors to detect the type of waste and a servo motor to sort the waste accordingly. The circuit includes an ultrasonic sensor to measure distance, a moisture sensor to detect wetness, an IR sensor, an LCD display for user interface, and a water pump controlled by a transistor.

Component List

1. Arduino UNO

   • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

2. 16x2 I2C LCD

   • Description: 16x2 character LCD display with I2C interface.
   • Pins: GND, VCC, SDA, SCL

3. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

   • Description: Ultrasonic distance sensor.
   • Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND

4. Servo

   • Description: Servo motor for mechanical movement.
   • Pins: GND, VCC, PWM

5. Water Sensor

   • Description: Sensor to detect water presence.
   • Pins: -, +

6. Rain/Snow Sensor - Board

   • Description: Sensor to detect rain or snow.
   • Pins: 1, 2, A0 (Analog), D0 (Digital), GND, VCC (5V)

7. IR Sensor

   • Description: Infrared sensor for object detection.
   • Pins: out, gnd, vcc

8. TIP120 Hi-Current Darlington Transistor

   • Description: NPN power transistor.
   • Pins: BASE, COLLECTOR, EMITTER

9. 5V Mini Water Pump

   • Description: Small water pump powered by 5V.
   • Pins: positive pin, negative pin

10. 9V Battery

    • Description: 9V battery for power supply.
    • Pins: -, +

11. Resistor

    • Description: 1000 Ohms resistor.
    • Pins: pin1, pin2

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• GND: Connected to GND of Rain/Snow Sensor, 16x2 I2C LCD, IR Sensor, Servo, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor, and 9V Battery.
• 5V: Connected to VCC of Rain/Snow Sensor, 16x2 I2C LCD, IR Sensor, Servo, and HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor.
• A0: Connected to A0 (Analog) of Rain/Snow Sensor.
• A4: Connected to SDA of 16x2 I2C LCD.
• A5: Connected to SCL of 16x2 I2C LCD.
• D12: Connected to TRIG of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor.
• D11: Connected to ECHO of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor.
• D8: Connected to PWM of Servo.
• D3: Connected to pin1 of Resistor.
• D2: Connected to out of IR Sensor.

16x2 I2C LCD

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• SDA: Connected to A4 of Arduino UNO.
• SCL: Connected to A5 of Arduino UNO.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• TRIG: Connected to D12 of Arduino UNO.
• ECHO: Connected to D11 of Arduino UNO.
• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.

Servo

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• PWM: Connected to D8 of Arduino UNO.

Water Sensor

• -: Connected to pin 1 of Rain/Snow Sensor.
• +: Connected to pin 2 of Rain/Snow Sensor.

Rain/Snow Sensor - Board

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• VCC (5V): Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• A0 (Analog): Connected to A0 of Arduino UNO.
• 1: Connected to - of Water Sensor.
• 2: Connected to + of Water Sensor.

IR Sensor

• out: Connected to D2 of Arduino UNO.
• gnd: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• vcc: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.

TIP120 Hi-Current Darlington Transistor

• BASE: Connected to pin2 of Resistor.
• COLLECTOR: Connected to negative pin of 5V Mini Water Pump.
• EMITTER: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO and 9V Battery.

5V Mini Water Pump

• positive pin: Connected to + of 9V Battery.
• negative pin: Connected to COLLECTOR of TIP120 Hi-Current Darlington Transistor.

9V Battery

• -: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO and EMITTER of TIP120 Hi-Current Darlington Transistor.
• +: Connected to positive pin of 5V Mini Water Pump.

Resistor

• pin1: Connected to D3 of Arduino UNO.
• pin2: Connected to BASE of TIP120 Hi-Current Darlington Transistor.

Documented Code

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Servo.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);  // Use correct I2C address and dimensions (16x2)
Servo servo1;

const int trigPin = 12;
const int echoPin = 11;
long duration;
int distance = 0;
int potPin = A0;
int soil = 0;
int fsoil;
int maxDryValue = 1;         // Value for treating waste as wet object based on humidity
int Ultra_Distance = 15;     // Distance in cm between Ultrasonic and moisture sensor

void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  lcd.begin(16, 2);  // Initialize the LCD with 16 columns and 2 rows
  
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); 
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); 
  servo1.attach(8);

  Serial.println("Soil Sensor     Ultrasonic          Servo");
  lcd.print(".........");
  delay(1000);
}

void loop() 
{
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
  lcd.print("Dry Wet Waste");
  lcd.setCursor(3, 1);
  lcd.print("Segregator");
  
  int soil = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
  {
    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(7);
    digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(10);
    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(10);
    duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
    distance = duration * 0.034 / 2 + distance;
    delay(10);
  }
  
  distance = distance / 2;
 
  if (distance < Ultra_Distance && distance > 1)
  {
    delay(1000);
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
      soil = analogRead(potPin);
      soil = constrain(soil, 485, 1023);
      fsoil = (map(soil, 485, 1023, 100, 0)) + fsoil;
      delay(75);
    }
    
    fsoil = fsoil / 3;

    Serial.print("Humidity: ");
    Serial.print(fsoil);
    Serial.print("%    Distance: ");
    Serial.print(distance);
    Serial.print(" cm");

    if (fsoil > maxDryValue)
    {
      delay(1000);
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("Garbage Detected!");
      lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
      lcd.print("WET");
      Serial.println("     ==> WET Waste");
      servo1.write(160);
      delay(3000);
    } 
    else 
    { 
      delay(1000);
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("Garbage Detected!");
      lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
      lcd.print("DRY");
      Serial.println("     ==> Dry Waste");
      servo1.write(20);
      delay(3000);
    }

    servo1.write(90);
  }
  
  distance = 0;
  fsoil = 0