Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to interface various sensors, actuators, and a communication module with an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. It includes ultrasonic sensors (HC-SR04) for distance measurement, IR sensors for object detection, a DC motor driver (L298N) to control gearmotors for wheels, a servomotor (SG90) for precise angular movement, and a Bluetooth module (HC-05) for wireless communication. The power supply is provided by two 18650 batteries, and resistors are used for voltage/current adjustments and signal conditioning.

Component List

Sensors

• Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04): Used for measuring distances by emitting ultrasonic waves and measuring the time taken for the echo to return.
• IR Sensor: Detects the presence of objects based on infrared light reflection.

Actuators

• Gearmotor DC Wheels (Left and Right): Provides the driving force for the wheels, allowing the system to move.
• Servomotor (SG90): A small rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position.

Communication Module

• Bluetooth Module (HC-05): Enables wireless communication with other devices via Bluetooth.

Motor Driver

• L298N DC Motor Driver: Controls the direction and speed of DC motors.

Power Supply

• 2x 18650 Batteries: Provides the necessary power to the circuit.

Microcontroller

• Arduino Mega 2560: The main controller that interfaces with all the components, runs the embedded code, and processes sensor data.

Resistors

• 1k Ohm Resistors: Used for current limiting and voltage division in the circuit.

Wiring Details

Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

• VCC: Connected to 5V power supply from Arduino Mega 2560.
• GND: Connected to the common ground.
• TRIG: Connected to digital pins on Arduino Mega 2560 for triggering the ultrasonic pulse.
• ECHO: Connected to digital pins on Arduino Mega 2560 for receiving the echo signal.

IR Sensor

• VCC: Connected to 5V power supply from Arduino Mega 2560.
• GND: Connected to the common ground.
• OUT: Connected to analog pins on Arduino Mega 2560 for object detection signal.

Gearmotor DC Wheels (Left and Right)

• PIN1 & PIN2: Connected to the outputs of the L298N motor driver to control the motion of the wheels.

Servomotor (SG90)

• SIG: Connected to a PWM pin on Arduino Mega 2560 for control signal.
• VCC: Connected to 5V power supply from Arduino Mega 2560.
• GND: Connected to the common ground.

Bluetooth Module (HC-05)

• VCC: Connected to 5V power supply from Arduino Mega 2560.
• GND: Connected to the common ground.
• TXD: Connected to RX pin on Arduino Mega 2560 for transmitting data.
• RXD: Connected to TX pin on Arduino Mega 2560 for receiving data.

L298N DC Motor Driver

• OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, OUT4: Connected to gearmotor wheels.
• 12V: Connected to the 18650 batteries for motor power supply.
• 5V: Connected to 5V power supply from Arduino Mega 2560.
• GND: Connected to the common ground.
• ENA, ENB: Connected to PWM pins on Arduino Mega 2560 for speed control.
• IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4: Connected to digital pins on Arduino Mega 2560 for direction control.

2x 18650 Batteries

• VCC: Provides power to the L298N motor driver.
• GND: Connected to the common ground.

Resistors (1k Ohm)

• Between Arduino Mega 2560 and HC-05: Used for voltage level shifting for the TX/RX lines between the Arduino and the Bluetooth module.

Documented Code

Arduino Mega 2560

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Filename: sketch.ino

Note: The provided code is a template and does not contain any functional code. It needs to be populated with the logic to control and interface with the components based on the requirements of the application.