Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to automatically close a roof when rain is detected and open it when the rain stops. The system uses an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller to read input from a rain sensor and control two DC motors via an L298N motor driver. Additionally, a buzzer is used to provide audible feedback during the roof's operation.

Component List

1. L298N DC Motor Driver

   • Description: A dual H-Bridge motor driver that allows control of two DC motors.
   • Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

2. 12V Adapter

   • Description: Provides 12V power supply to the circuit.
   • Pins: VCC, GND

3. Arduino Uno R3

   • Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, GND, AREF, SDA, SCL, D0/RX, D1/Tx, D2, D3, D4, D5, 6, D7, A5/SCL, A4/SDA, A3, A2, A1, A0, Vin, 5V, 3.3V, RESET, IOREF, NONE, USB Jack, Power Jack

4. Rain Sensor

   • Description: Detects the presence of rain.
   • Pins: AO, DO, GRD, VCC

5. DC Motor (x2)

   • Description: Motors used to open and close the roof.
   • Pins: pin 1, pin 2

6. Buzzer

   • Description: Provides audible feedback.
   • Pins: GND, IN

Wiring Details

L298N DC Motor Driver

• GND connected to GND of Arduino Uno R3 and 12V Adapter
• 12V connected to VCC of 12V Adapter
• 5V connected to Vin of Arduino Uno R3
• OUT1 connected to pin 1 of DC Motor 1
• OUT2 connected to pin 2 of DC Motor 1
• OUT3 connected to pin 1 of DC Motor 2
• OUT4 connected to pin 2 of DC Motor 2
• IN1 connected to D9 of Arduino Uno R3
• IN2 connected to D10 of Arduino Uno R3

12V Adapter

• GND connected to GND of Arduino Uno R3 and L298N DC Motor Driver
• VCC connected to 12V of L298N DC Motor Driver

Arduino Uno R3

• GND connected to GND of L298N DC Motor Driver, 12V Adapter, Rain Sensor, and Buzzer
• 5V connected to VCC of Rain Sensor
• Vin connected to 5V of L298N DC Motor Driver
• D2 connected to DO of Rain Sensor
• D8 connected to IN of Buzzer
• D9 connected to IN1 of L298N DC Motor Driver
• D10 connected to IN2 of L298N DC Motor Driver

Rain Sensor

• VCC connected to 5V of Arduino Uno R3
• GRD connected to GND of Arduino Uno R3
• DO connected to D2 of Arduino Uno R3

DC Motor 1

• pin 1 connected to OUT1 of L298N DC Motor Driver
• pin 2 connected to OUT2 of L298N DC Motor Driver

DC Motor 2

• pin 1 connected to OUT3 of L298N DC Motor Driver
• pin 2 connected to OUT4 of L298N DC Motor Driver

Buzzer

• GND connected to GND of Arduino Uno R3
• IN connected to D8 of Arduino Uno R3

Code Documentation

// Define pins
const int rainSensorPin = 2;  // Digital pin connected to rain sensor
const int motorPin1 = 9;      // Motor driver input pin 1
const int motorPin2 = 10;     // Motor driver input pin 2
const int buzzerPin = 8;      // Buzzer pin

// Define states
bool isRoofClosed = false;

void setup() {
  // Initialize pins
  pinMode(rainSensorPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(motorPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motorPin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);

  // Start with the roof open
  openRoof();

  Serial.begin(9600);  // Initialize serial communication for debugging
}

void loop() {
  int rainDetected = digitalRead(rainSensorPin);

  if (rainDetected == LOW && !isRoofClosed) {
    // Rain detected, close the roof
    closeRoof();
  } else if (rainDetected == HIGH && isRoofClosed) {
    // No rain, open the roof
    openRoof();
  }

  delay(1000);  // Check every second
}

void closeRoof() {
  Serial.println("Closing Roof...");
  // Rotate motor to close the roof
  digitalWrite(motorPin1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW);
  
  // Beep the buzzer while closing the roof
  digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH);

  // Assuming it takes 5 seconds to close the roof
  delay(5000);

  // Stop the motor and buzzer
  stopMotor();
  digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);

  isRoofClosed = true;
}

void openRoof() {
  Serial.println("Opening Roof...");
  // Rotate motor to open the roof
  digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motorPin2, HIGH);
  
  // Beep the buzzer while opening the roof
  digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH);

  // Assuming it takes 5 seconds to open the roof
  delay(5000);

  // Stop the motor and buzzer
  stopMotor();
  digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);

  isRoofClosed = false;
}

void stopMotor() {
  // Stop the motor by setting both inputs to LOW
  digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW);
}

This code initializes the pins and sets up the system to start with the roof open. It continuously checks the rain sensor and closes the roof if rain is detected, and opens it when the rain stops. The buzzer provides audible feedback during the roof's operation.