ESP32-Based Battery-Powered Environmental Monitoring System with LoRa and GPS
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Circuit Documentation
Summary
This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit design that includes various components such as sensors, microcontrollers, capacitors, resistors, and communication modules. The circuit is designed to interface multiple sensors and communication modules with an ESP32 microcontroller, enabling data logging, environmental sensing, and wireless communication.
Component List
SparkFun OpenLog
- Description: Data logger for serial communication.
- Pins: DTR, RXI, TXO, VCC, GND, RST, SCK, MOSI, MISO
Tantalum Capacitor
- Description: Capacitor with a capacitance of 100nF.
- Pins: -, +
- Properties: Capacitance: 100nF (1e-7 Farads)
Electrolytic Capacitor
- Description: Capacitor with a capacitance of 100µF.
- Pins: -, +
- Properties: Capacitance: 100µF (0.0001 Farads)
TP4056
- Description: Lithium-ion battery charger module.
- Pins: OUT-, B-, B+, OUT+, IN-, IN+
BC547
- Description: NPN transistor.
- Pins: Collector, Base, Emitter
Rocker Switch
- Description: On/Off switch.
- Pins: Output, Input
Adafruit BME280
- Description: Environmental sensor for temperature, humidity, and pressure.
- Pins: VCC, 3.3V, GND, SCK/SCL, SDO/ADR, SDI/SDA, CS
Resistor (27kΩ)
- Description: Resistor with a resistance of 27kΩ.
- Pins: Pin1, Pin2
- Properties: Resistance: 27kΩ (27000 Ohms)
Resistor (100kΩ)
- Description: Resistor with a resistance of 100kΩ.
- Pins: Pin1, Pin2
- Properties: Resistance: 100kΩ (100000 Ohms)
MPU-6050
- Description: 6-axis motion tracking device.
- Pins: VCC, GND, SCL, SDA, XDA, XCL, AD0, INT
ESP32 (30 pin)
- Description: Microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.
- Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, Vin, D23, D22, TX0, RX0, D21, D19, D18, D5, TX2, RX2, D4, D2, D15, 3V3
Adafruit RFM9x LoRa Radio
- Description: Long-range radio module.
- Pins: DIO1, DIO2, DIO3, DIO4, DIO5, ANTENNA, VIN, GND, EN, DIO0, SCK, MISO, MOSI, CS, RST
Li-ion 18650 Battery
- Description: Rechargeable lithium-ion battery.
- Pins: -, +
GPS NEO 6M
- Description: GPS module.
- Pins: VCC, RX, TX, GND
Comment
- Description: Placeholder for comments.
- Pins: None
Wiring Details
SparkFun OpenLog
- RXI connected to ESP32 TX0
- TXO connected to ESP32 RX0
- GND connected to:
- Resistor (100kΩ) Pin2
- MPU-6050 GND
- BC547 Collector
- Adafruit RFM9x LoRa Radio GND
- Tantalum Capacitor -
- GPS NEO 6M GND
- Adafruit BME280 GND
- Electrolytic Capacitor -
- ESP32 GND
- TP4056 OUT-
- VCC connected to:
- BC547 Emitter
- MPU-6050 VCC
- Adafruit RFM9x LoRa Radio VIN
- Tantalum Capacitor +
- GPS NEO 6M VCC
- Adafruit BME280 3.3V
- Electrolytic Capacitor +
- ESP32 3V3
Tantalum Capacitor
- - connected to GND
- + connected to VCC
Electrolytic Capacitor
- - connected to GND
- + connected to VCC
TP4056
- OUT- connected to GND
- OUT+ connected to Rocker Switch Input
- B- connected to Li-ion 18650 Battery -
- B+ connected to Li-ion 18650 Battery +
BC547
- Collector connected to GND
- Base connected to:
- Resistor (27kΩ) Pin1
- Rocker Switch Output
- Emitter connected to VCC
Rocker Switch
- Input connected to TP4056 OUT+
- Output connected to BC547 Base
Adafruit BME280
- SCK/SCL connected to ESP32 D22
- SDI/SDA connected to ESP32 D21
- GND connected to GND
- 3.3V connected to VCC
Resistor (27kΩ)
- Pin1 connected to BC547 Base
- Pin2 connected to Resistor (100kΩ) Pin1 and ESP32 D33
Resistor (100kΩ)
- Pin1 connected to Resistor (27kΩ) Pin2 and ESP32 D33
- Pin2 connected to GND
MPU-6050
- SCL connected to ESP32 D22
- SDA connected to ESP32 D21
- GND connected to GND
- VCC connected to VCC
ESP32 (30 pin)
- D33 connected to Resistor (27kΩ) Pin2 and Resistor (100kΩ) Pin1
- D14 connected to Adafruit RFM9x LoRa Radio RST
- D23 connected to Adafruit RFM9x LoRa Radio MOSI
- D22 connected to MPU-6050 SCL and Adafruit BME280 SCK/SCL
- TX0 connected to SparkFun OpenLog RXI
- RX0 connected to SparkFun OpenLog TXO
- D21 connected to MPU-6050 SDA and Adafruit BME280 SDI/SDA
- D19 connected to Adafruit RFM9x LoRa Radio MISO
- D18 connected to Adafruit RFM9x LoRa Radio SCK
- D5 connected to Adafruit RFM9x LoRa Radio CS
- TX2 connected to GPS NEO 6M RX
- RX2 connected to GPS NEO 6M TX
- D2 connected to Adafruit RFM9x LoRa Radio DIO0
- GND connected to GND
- 3V3 connected to VCC
Adafruit RFM9x LoRa Radio
- RST connected to ESP32 D14
- MOSI connected to ESP32 D23
- MISO connected to ESP32 D19
- SCK connected to ESP32 D18
- CS connected to ESP32 D5
- DIO0 connected to ESP32 D2
- GND connected to GND
- VIN connected to VCC
Li-ion 18650 Battery
- - connected to TP4056 B-
- + connected to TP4056 B+
GPS NEO 6M
- RX connected to ESP32 TX2
- TX connected to ESP32 RX2
- GND connected to GND
- VCC connected to VCC
Code
No code is provided for this circuit.
This document provides a comprehensive overview of the circuit, including a detailed component list and wiring details. Each component is described, and its connections are clearly outlined to facilitate understanding and replication of the