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Arduino UNO-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with GSM Alert and LCD Display

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to detect fire and smoke, and respond by activating alarms, sprinklers, and sending notifications via SMS and calls. The system uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller to interface with various sensors and actuators, including a DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor, an MQ-2 smoke sensor, a KY-026 flame sensor, an LCD screen, a SIM900A GSM module, a relay, a buzzer, and an LED. The circuit is powered by a 12V power supply and a 9V battery.

Component List

  1. Arduino UNO

    • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
    • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

  2. DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor

    • Description: Sensor for measuring humidity and temperature.
    • Pins: VDD, DATA, NULL, GND

  3. MQ-2

    • Description: Gas sensor for detecting smoke.
    • Pins: GND, VCC, ANALOG, Digital

  4. LCD screen 16x2 I2C

    • Description: 16x2 character LCD display with I2C interface.
    • Pins: SCL, SDA, VCC, GND

  5. SIM900A

    • Description: GSM module for sending SMS and making calls.
    • Pins: GND, DB9-3 (RXD), DB9-2 (TXD), 5V, 3VR, 5VR, 3VT, 5VT, VCC, Ring, RESTART, RESET, STATUS

  6. LED: Two Pin (red)

    • Description: Red LED.
    • Pins: cathode, anode

  7. Buzzer

    • Description: Piezoelectric buzzer.
    • Pins: GND, IN

  8. 1 Channel Relay 5V

    • Description: Relay module for controlling high voltage devices.
    • Pins: VCC, GND, IN, NC, COM, NO

  9. Water Pump

    • Description: Pump for water sprinkling.
    • Pins: VCC, GND

  10. KY-026 Flame Sensor

    • Description: Sensor for detecting flame.
    • Pins: A0, GND, VCC, D0

  11. Resistor

    • Description: 200 Ohms resistor.
    • Pins: pin1, pin2

  12. 12V Power Supply

    • Description: Power supply providing 12V.
    • Pins: +, -

  13. Step Up Boost Power Converter, Adjustable Voltage Regulator

    • Description: Voltage regulator for stepping up voltage.
    • Pins: VOUT+, VOUT-, VIN+, VIN-

  14. 9V Battery

    • Description: Battery providing 9V.
    • Pins: -, +

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor

MQ-2

LCD screen 16x2 I2C

SIM900A

LED: Two Pin (red)

Buzzer

1 Channel Relay 5V

Water Pump

KY-026 Flame Sensor

Resistor

12V Power Supply

Step Up Boost Power Converter, Adjustable Voltage Regulator

9V Battery

Documented Code

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <DHT.h>

// GSM Module
#define rxdPin 10
#define txdPin 11
SoftwareSerial sim900A(rxdPin, txdPin);

// Sensors and Actuators
#define SMOKE_SENSOR_PIN A0
#define FLAME_SENSOR_PIN 2
#define DHTPIN 8
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#define TEMP_THRESHOLD 50.0 // Maximum temperature threshold in °C
const String PHONE_NUMBERS[] = { "+639511197778" };
int led_pin = 4;
int buzzer_pin = 5;
int relay_pin = 7;
int SMOKE_THRESHOLD = 230;

// LCD
#define LCD_ADDRESS 0x27
#define LCD_COLUMNS 16
#define LCD_ROWS 2
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(LCD_ADDRESS, LCD_COLUMNS, LCD_ROWS);

// DHT Sensor
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

// Variables
int sms_counter = 0;
int call_counter = 0;
bool call_active = false;
unsigned long last_fire_time = 0;
unsigned long sprinkler_off_delay = 10000; // 10 seconds

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  sim900A.begin(9600);

  // Pin modes
  pinMode(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(led_pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buzzer_pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relay_pin, OUTPUT);

  // Initialize LCD
  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();