ESP32-Based Smart Soil Analysis and Environmental Monitoring System

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates a variety of sensors and modules with an ESP32 microcontroller to monitor environmental parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and pH levels. It also includes a relay for controlling power to external devices. Communication with some sensors is facilitated by an RS-485 module, indicating a potential for long-distance sensor data acquisition. The circuit is powered through the ESP32's Vin pin, which is connected to various VCC pins on the sensors and relay, indicating a common power supply requirement.

Component List

ESP32 (30 pin)

A microcontroller with WiFi and Bluetooth capabilities.
It has a variety of digital and analog pins for interfacing with sensors and modules.

12V Single Channel Relay

A relay module capable of controlling high power devices.
It has Normally Closed (NC), Common (COM), and Normally Open (NO) terminals for switching, as well as an input (IN), ground (GND), and VCC for control.

DFRobot Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor (V1.0)

A sensor for measuring the moisture level in soil.
It has an analog output (A), VCC, and GND.

DHT11 Sensor V2

A sensor for measuring temperature and humidity.
It has a data pin (DAT), VCC, and GND.

NPK Soil Sensor (mini)

A sensor for measuring Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK) in soil.
It has two analog outputs (A and B), VCC, and GND.

RS-485 Module

A module for RS-485 communication, allowing for long-distance data transmission.
It has VCC, A and B for differential communication, GND, and pins for receiver output (RO), receiver enable (RE), driver enable (DE), and driver input (DI).

Modulo Sensor PH

A sensor for measuring the pH level of a solution.
It has an analog output (A), a sensor output (SON), and power connections (+ and -).

Wiring Details