Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control two DC motors using an Arduino UNO microcontroller and an L298N DC motor driver. It includes two IR sensors for input and an HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor for distance measurement. The circuit is powered by a 12V battery, which supplies power to the motor driver and indirectly to the other components through the motor driver's 5V output.

Component List

Arduino UNO

• Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
• It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

DC Motor (x2)

• An electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity.
• It has two pins for connecting to the motor driver.

L298N DC Motor Driver

• A dual H-bridge motor driver that can drive two DC motors or one stepper motor.
• It has pins for motor outputs, motor inputs, power supply, and enable pins for controlling motor speed and direction.

IR Sensor (x2)

• An infrared sensor capable of detecting obstacles and measuring distance.
• It has three pins: out, gnd, and vcc.

Battery 12V

• A 12V battery used to power the motor driver and through it, the rest of the circuit.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• An ultrasonic ranging module that provides 2cm to 400cm non-contact measurement function.
• It has four pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, and GND.

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• GND connected to the battery's negative terminal and L298N's GND.
• A0 connected to the first IR sensor's output.
• A1 connected to the second IR sensor's output.
• D13 connected to the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor's ECHO pin.
• D12 connected to the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor's TRIG pin.
• D11 connected to L298N's ENB pin.
• D10 connected to L298N's ENA pin.
• D9 connected to L298N's IN1 pin.
• D8 connected to L298N's IN2 pin.
• D7 connected to L298N's IN3 pin.
• D6 connected to L298N's IN4 pin.

DC Motor 1

• pin 1 connected to L298N's OUT2.
• pin 2 connected to L298N's OUT1.

DC Motor 2

• pin 1 connected to L298N's OUT4.
• pin 2 connected to L298N's OUT3.

L298N DC Motor Driver

• GND connected to the battery's negative terminal and Arduino UNO's GND.
• 12V connected to the battery's positive terminal.
• ENA and ENB connected to Arduino UNO for speed control.
• IN1, IN2, IN3, and IN4 connected to Arduino UNO for direction control.
• OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, and OUT4 connected to the DC motors.

IR Sensor 1

• out connected to Arduino UNO's A0.
• gnd connected to Arduino UNO's GND.
• vcc connected to HC-SR04's VCC.

IR Sensor 2

• out connected to Arduino UNO's A1.
• gnd connected to Arduino UNO's GND.
• vcc connected to HC-SR04's VCC.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• VCC connected to the IR sensors' VCC.
• TRIG connected to Arduino UNO's D12.
• ECHO connected to Arduino UNO's D13.
• GND connected to Arduino UNO's GND.

Battery 12V

• + connected to L298N's 12V.
• - connected to Arduino UNO's GND and L298N's GND.

Documented Code

Arduino UNO Code (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

This code is a template and does not contain any functional code. It needs to be filled in with the logic for controlling the motors based on the input from the IR sensors and the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor. The setup() function is used for initializing the pins and the loop() function will contain the main logic that will run repeatedly.