Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit designed to control a Bluetooth-enabled car using an Arduino UNO. The circuit includes various components such as motors, a motor driver, a Bluetooth module, and micro servos. The Arduino UNO is programmed to receive commands via Bluetooth and control the motors accordingly.

Component List

1. Arduino UNO

   • Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

2. Motor with reducer

   • Description: A DC motor with a built-in reducer.
   • Pins: 3 - 6 VCC, GND

3. L298N DC motor driver

   • Description: A dual H-Bridge motor driver.
   • Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB

4. Battery 12V

   • Description: A 12V battery for powering the circuit.
   • Pins: +, -

5. Micro servo 9G

   • Description: A small servo motor.
   • Pins: GND, +5V, PWM

6. HC-05 Bluetooth Module

   • Description: A Bluetooth module for wireless communication.
   • Pins: Key, VCC, TXD, RXD, State, GND

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V connected to VCC of HC-05 Bluetooth Module.
• GND connected to GND of HC-05 Bluetooth Module.
• D3 connected to TXD of HC-05 Bluetooth Module.
• D2 connected to RXD of HC-05 Bluetooth Module.
• Vin connected to 5V of L298N DC motor driver and - of battery 12V.
• GND connected to GND of L298N DC motor driver and GND of all Micro servo 9G motors.
• D12 connected to IN3 of L298N DC motor driver.
• D11 connected to IN2 of L298N DC motor driver.
• D10 connected to ENB of L298N DC motor driver.
• D9 connected to ENA of L298N DC motor driver.
• D8 connected to IN1 of L298N DC motor driver.
• D7 connected to IN4 of L298N DC motor driver.
• D6 connected to PWM of one Micro servo 9G motor.
• D5 connected to PWM of another Micro servo 9G motor.
• D4 connected to PWM of another Micro servo 9G motor.
• D1 connected to PWM of another Micro servo 9G motor.

Motor with reducer

• 3 - 6 VCC connected to OUT1 of L298N DC motor driver.
• GND connected to OUT2 of L298N DC motor driver.
• 3 - 6 VCC connected to OUT3 of L298N DC motor driver.
• GND connected to OUT4 of L298N DC motor driver.

L298N DC motor driver

• 5V connected to Vin of Arduino UNO and - of battery 12V.
• GND connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• 12V connected to + of battery 12V.
• IN3 connected to D12 of Arduino UNO.
• IN2 connected to D11 of Arduino UNO.
• ENB connected to D10 of Arduino UNO.
• ENA connected to D9 of Arduino UNO.
• IN1 connected to D8 of Arduino UNO.
• IN4 connected to D7 of Arduino UNO.
• OUT1 connected to 3 - 6 VCC of one Motor with reducer.
• OUT2 connected to GND of one Motor with reducer.
• OUT3 connected to 3 - 6 VCC of another Motor with reducer.
• OUT4 connected to GND of another Motor with reducer.

Battery 12V

• + connected to 12V of L298N DC motor driver.
• - connected to 5V of L298N DC motor driver and Vin of Arduino UNO.

Micro servo 9G

• +5V of all Micro servo 9G motors are connected together.
• GND of all Micro servo 9G motors are connected together and to GND of Arduino UNO.
• PWM of each Micro servo 9G motor is connected to different digital pins on Arduino UNO (D6, D5, D4, D1).

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

• VCC connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• GND connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• TXD connected to D3 of Arduino UNO.
• RXD connected to D2 of Arduino UNO.

Code Documentation

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

// Bluetooth module connected to pins 2 (RX) and 3 (TX)
SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3); 

// Motor driver pins
int Rightmotor1 = 4; 
int Rightmotor2 = 5; 
int leftmotor1 = 6; 
int leftmotor2 = 7; 
int en1 = 9; 
int en2 = 10;

// String to hold incoming Bluetooth data
String command = "";

void setup() {
  // Initialize motor pins
  pinMode(Rightmotor1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Rightmotor2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(leftmotor1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(leftmotor2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(en1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(en2, OUTPUT);

  // Start serial communication for debugging and Bluetooth
  Serial.begin(9600); 
  mySerial.begin(9600); 

  Serial.println("Bluetooth Car Ready!");
}

void loop() {
  if (mySerial.available()) {
    char received = mySerial.read(); // Read the single character command
    if (received == 'F') {
      moveForward(); // Move forward
    } else if (received == 'B') {
      moveBackward(); // Move backward
    } else if (received == 'L') {
      turnLeft(); // Turn left
    } else if (received == 'R') {
      turnRight(); // Turn right
    } else if (received == 'S') {
      stopMotors(); // Stop
    }
  }
}

// Movement functions
void moveForward() {
  digitalWrite(Rightmotor1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(Rightmotor2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(leftmotor1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(leftmotor2, LOW);
  analogWrite(en1, 200);  // Adjust speed as needed (0-255)
  analogWrite(en2, 200);
  Serial.println("Moving Forward");
}

void moveBackward() {
  digitalWrite(Rightmotor1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(Rightmotor2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(leftmotor1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(leftmotor2, HIGH);
  analogWrite(en1, 200);
  analogWrite(en2, 200);
  Serial.println("Moving Backward");
}

void turnLeft() {
  digitalWrite(Rightmotor1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(Rightmotor2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(leftmotor1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(leftmotor2, HIGH);
  analogWrite(en1, 150); // Reduced speed for turning
  analogWrite(en2, 150);
  Serial.println("Turning Left");
}

void turnRight() {
  digitalWrite(Rightmotor1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(Rightmotor2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(leftmotor1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(leftmotor2, LOW);
  analogWrite(en1, 150);
  analogWrite(en2, 150);
  Serial.println("Turning Right");
}

void stopMotors() {
  digitalWrite(Rightmotor1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(Rightmotor2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(leftmotor1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(leftmotor2, LOW);
  analogWrite(en1, 0);
  analogWrite(en2, 0);
  Serial.println("Motors Stopped");
}

This code initializes the motor driver pins and sets up serial communication for both debugging and Bluetooth. The loop