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Project Documentation

ESP8266-Controlled Wireless EV Charging System with RFID Authentication

Image of ESP8266-Controlled Wireless EV Charging System with RFID Authentication

Circuit Documentation

Summary

The circuit in question appears to be a wireless charging system with a microcontroller-based control unit. The system includes a power supply, a bridge rectifier for AC to DC conversion, a voltage regulator, a charging module, and a battery. It also features a MOSFET for controlling the charging process, an OLED display for user interface, and an RFID reader for authentication or control purposes. The microcontroller used is an ESP8266 NodeMCU, which manages the charging logic, display output, and RFID communication.

Component List

Mosfet

Description: A semiconductor device used to switch or amplify electronic signals.
Pins: Gate, Drain, Source

Copper Coil

Description: Used in inductive charging to create a magnetic field for wireless power transfer.
Pins: -ve, +ve

AC Supply

Description: Provides alternating current power to the circuit.
Pins: +ve, -ve

ESP8266 NodeMCU

Description: A microcontroller with Wi-Fi capabilities for IoT projects.
Pins: D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, 3V3, GND, D5, D6, D7, D8, RX, TX, A0, RSV, SD3, SD2, SD1, CMD, SD0, CLK, EN, RST, VIN

Electrolytic Capacitor

Description: A polarized capacitor with a larger capacitance, used for filtering or energy storage.
Pins: -, +
Properties: Capacitance: 1e-7 Farads

Bridge Rectifier

Description: Converts AC to DC in the circuit.
Pins: AC input +, AC input -, +, -

LM317 Voltage Regulator

Description: An adjustable voltage regulator to maintain a constant output voltage.
Pins: Adj, V_out, V_in

TP4056

Description: A lithium battery charging module with battery protection.
Pins: OUT-, B-, B+, OUT+, IN-, IN+

3.7v Battery

Description: Provides power storage for the circuit.
Pins: +, -

Resistor

Description: A passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance.
Properties: Resistance: Various values in Ohms

LED: Two Pin (red)

Description: A red light-emitting diode used as an indicator.
Pins: cathode, anode

OLED Display 128x32

Description: A small display for visual output.
Pins: SDA, SCL, VCC, GND

RFID-RC522

Description: An RFID reader/writer module.
Pins: VCC (3.3V), RST, GND, IRQ, MISO, MOSI, SCK, SDA

Wiring Details

Mosfet

Gate connected to ESP8266 NodeMCU D1
Drain connected to Copper Coil +ve and Electrolytic Capacitor -
Source connected to Resistor pin2, AC Supply -ve, RFID-RC522 GND, ESP8266 NodeMCU GND, Bridge Rectifier -, TP4056 IN-, OLED Display GND

Copper Coil (Wireless Charging Coil)

-ve connected to Electrolytic Capacitor +
+ve connected to AC Supply +ve

AC Supply

+ve connected to Copper Coil +ve
-ve connected to Mosfet Source

ESP8266 NodeMCU

D0 connected to LED anode
D1 connected to Mosfet Gate
D2 connected to OLED Display SDA and RFID-RC522 SDA
D3 (Not connected)
D4 (Not connected)
3V3 connected to OLED Display VCC and RFID-RC522 VCC (3.3V)
GND connected to Mosfet Source
A0 connected to LM317 Voltage Regulator Adj and Resistor pin1
Other pins (Not connected)

Electrolytic Capacitor

- connected to Bridge Rectifier AC input +
- connected to Copper Coil -ve

Bridge Rectifier

AC input + connected to Electrolytic Capacitor -
AC input - connected to Copper Coil -ve
- connected to LM317 Voltage Regulator V_in and Resistor pin1
- connected to Mosfet Source

LM317 Voltage Regulator

Adj connected to ESP8266 NodeMCU A0 and Resistor pin1
V_out connected to TP4056 IN+
V_in connected to Bridge Rectifier + and Resistor pin1

TP4056

IN+ connected to LM317 Voltage Regulator V_out
IN- connected to Mosfet Source
B+ connected to 3.7v Battery +
B- connected to 3.7v Battery -
OUT+ (Not connected)
OUT- (Not connected)

3.7v Battery

- connected to TP4056 B+
- connected to TP4056 B-

Resistor

Various resistors are used in the circuit with connections to the LM317 Voltage Regulator, Mosfet, and LED.

LED: Two Pin (red)

anode connected to ESP8266 NodeMCU D0
cathode connected to Resistor pin2

OLED Display 128x32

SDA connected to ESP8266 NodeMCU D2 and RFID-RC522 SDA
SCL (Not connected)
VCC connected to ESP8266 NodeMCU 3V3
GND connected to Mosfet Source

RFID-RC522

VCC (3.3V) connected to ESP8266 NodeMCU 3V3
RST connected to Mosfet Gate
GND connected to Mosfet Source
IRQ (Not connected)
MISO connected to ESP8266 NodeMCU D6
MOSI connected to ESP8266 NodeMCU D7
SCK connected to ESP8266 NodeMCU D5
SDA connected to ESP8266 NodeMCU D2 and OLED Display SDA

Documented Code

ESP8266 NodeMCU Code (sketch.ino)

#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

// Define display dimensions
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 32
#define OLED_RESET -1

Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);

const int mosfetPin = 5;  // GPIO5
const int ledPin = 16;    // GPIO16

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);  // Start serial communication

  if(!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C)) {
    Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
    for(;;);  // Infinite loop to halt if display allocation fails
  }
  display.display();
  delay(2000);

  pinMode(mosfetPin, OUTPUT);  // Set MOSFET control pin as output
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);     // Set LED pin as output

  digitalWrite(mosfetPin, LOW);  // Start with MOSFET off
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);     // Start with LED off

  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);
  display.setCursor(0,0);
  display.print("EV Wireless Charging");
}

void loop() {
  float batteryVoltage = readBatteryVoltage();  // Function to read battery voltage

  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setCursor(0,10);
  display.print("Voltage: ");
  display.print(batteryVoltage);
  display.print(" V");

  // Charging control logic
  if (batteryVoltage < 3.7) {  // If battery voltage is low
    digitalWrite(mosfetPin, HIGH);  // Turn on MOSFET to start charging
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);     // Turn on LED to indicate charging
    display.setCursor(0,20);
    display.print("Charging...");
  } else {
    digitalWrite(mosfetPin, LOW);   // Turn off MOSFET to stop charging
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);      // Turn off LED
    display.setCursor(0,20);
    display.print("Charged!    ");
  }

  delay(1000);  // Delay for a second before next reading
}

float readBatteryVoltage() {
  int analogValue = analogRead(A0);  // Use A0 for analog input on ESP8266
  float voltage = (analogValue / 1023.0) * 3.3;  // Convert to voltage (assuming 3.3V reference)
  return voltage;
}

RFID-RC522 Code (sketch.ino)

#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

#define RST_PIN 5   // RST pin for RC522
#define SS_PIN 4    //