Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a solar-powered soil moisture monitoring and water pumping system. The system uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller to read soil moisture levels and control a water pump via a relay. The entire system is powered by a solar panel and a 12V battery, regulated by a solar charge controller and a LM2596 voltage regulator.

Component List

1. Arduino UNO

   • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

2. Soil Moisture Sensor

   • Description: Sensor to measure the moisture level in the soil.
   • Pins: gnd, vcc, aout

3. 12V 7Ah Battery

   • Description: Rechargeable battery to store energy.
   • Pins: 12v +, 12v -

4. 5V Relay

   • Description: Relay module to control high voltage devices.
   • Pins: Normally Open, Common terminal, Normally Closed, In, GND, VCC

5. Water Pump

   • Description: Pump to water plants.
   • Pins: VCC, GND

6. Solar Charge Controller

   • Description: Controller to manage the charging of the battery from the solar panel.
   • Pins: Solar Cell +, Solar Cell -, Battery +, Battery -, Load +, Load -

7. Solar Panel

   • Description: Solar panel to generate electricity.
   • Pins: +, -

8. LM2596 Voltage Regulator

   • Description: Step-down voltage regulator to convert 12V to 5V.
   • Pins: IN, OUT

9. Potentiometer

   • Description: Variable resistor to adjust voltage.
   • Pins: GND, Output, VCC

10. LED: Two Pin (yellow)

    • Description: Indicator LED.
    • Pins: cathode, anode

11. Pushbutton

    • Description: Button to provide user input.
    • Pins: Pin 2, Pin 1, Pin 3, Pin 4

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V: Connected to LM2596 (OUT) and Soil Moisture Sensor (vcc)
• GND: Connected to LM2596 (OUT) and Soil Moisture Sensor (gnd)
• A0: Connected to Soil Moisture Sensor (aout)

Soil Moisture Sensor

• vcc: Connected to Arduino UNO (5V)
• gnd: Connected to Arduino UNO (GND)
• aout: Connected to Arduino UNO (A0)

12V 7Ah Battery

• 12v +: Connected to LM2596 (IN) and Solar Charge Controller (Battery +)
• 12v -: Connected to LM2596 (IN) and Solar Charge Controller (Battery -)

5V Relay

• Normally Open: Not connected
• Common terminal: Not connected
• Normally Closed: Not connected
• In: Not connected
• GND: Not connected
• VCC: Not connected

Water Pump

• VCC: Not connected
• GND: Not connected

Solar Charge Controller

• Solar Cell +: Connected to Solar Panel (+)
• Solar Cell -: Connected to Solar Panel (-)
• Battery +: Connected to 12V 7Ah Battery (12v +) and LM2596 (IN)
• Battery -: Connected to 12V 7Ah Battery (12v -) and LM2596 (IN)
• Load +: Not connected
• Load -: Not connected

Solar Panel

• +: Connected to Solar Charge Controller (Solar Cell +)
• -: Connected to Solar Charge Controller (Solar Cell -)

LM2596 Voltage Regulator

• IN: Connected to 12V 7Ah Battery (12v +) and Solar Charge Controller (Battery +)
• OUT: Connected to Arduino UNO (5V) and Soil Moisture Sensor (vcc)
• IN: Connected to 12V 7Ah Battery (12v -) and Solar Charge Controller (Battery -)
• OUT: Connected to Arduino UNO (GND) and Soil Moisture Sensor (gnd)

Potentiometer

• GND: Not connected
• Output: Not connected
• VCC: Not connected

LED: Two Pin (yellow)

• cathode: Not connected
• anode: Not connected

Pushbutton

• Pin 2: Not connected
• Pin 1: Not connected
• Pin 3: Not connected
• Pin 4: Not connected

Documented Code

Arduino UNO Code (sketch.ino)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Additional Documentation (documentation.txt)