Project Documentation

Arduino UNO-Based Smart Water Quality Monitoring System with Wi-Fi Connectivity

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to read data from various sensors including a turbidity sensor, pH meter, temperature sensor, and an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. The data is processed by an Arduino UNO microcontroller and sent to a server via a WiFi module (ESP8266-01). The circuit also includes a 12V battery for power supply. Alerts are sent if sensor values are out of specified ranges.

Component List

Arduino UNO
- Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
- Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
- Description: Ultrasonic distance sensor.
- Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND
Turbidity Sensor
- Description: Sensor to measure the turbidity of water.
- Pins: OUT, VCC, GND
12V Battery
- Description: Power supply for the circuit.
- Pins: -, +
Temperature Sensor
- Description: Sensor to measure temperature.
- Pins: Temp GND Black, Temp VDD Red, Temp DQ Data Yellow
Wifi module ESP8266-01
- Description: WiFi module for wireless communication.
- Pins: RX, GPIO0, GPIO2, GND, +3V3, Reset, CH-PD Chip power down, TX
PH Meter
- Description: Sensor to measure the pH level of a solution.
- Pins: Signal, VCC, GND

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

D6 connected to ECHO of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
D7 connected to TRIG of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
A4 not connected
5V connected to:
- VCC of Turbidity Sensor
- VCC of PH Meter
- VCC of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
- Temp VDD Red of Temperature Sensor
A3 connected to Signal of PH Meter
A2 connected to OUT of Turbidity Sensor
A1 connected to Temp DQ Data Yellow of Temperature Sensor
GND connected to:
- GND of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
- Temp GND Black of Temperature Sensor
- GND of PH Meter
- GND of Turbidity Sensor
3.3V connected to +3V3 of Wifi module ESP8266-01
GND connected to:
- GND of Wifi module ESP8266-01
- - of 12V Battery
Vin connected to + of 12V Battery

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

ECHO connected to D6 of Arduino UNO
TRIG connected to D7 of Arduino UNO
VCC connected to 5V of Arduino UNO
GND connected to GND of Arduino UNO

Turbidity Sensor

OUT connected to A2 of Arduino UNO
VCC connected to 5V of Arduino UNO
GND connected to GND of Arduino UNO

12V Battery

+ connected to Vin of Arduino UNO
- connected to GND of Arduino UNO

Temperature Sensor

Temp GND Black connected to GND of Arduino UNO
Temp VDD Red connected to 5V of Arduino UNO
Temp DQ Data Yellow connected to A1 of Arduino UNO

Wifi module ESP8266-01

+3V3 connected to 3.3V of Arduino UNO
GND connected to GND of Arduino UNO

PH Meter

Signal connected to A3 of Arduino UNO
VCC connected to 5V of Arduino UNO
GND connected to GND of Arduino UNO

Documented Code

Arduino UNO Code

/*
 * This Arduino Sketch reads data from various sensors (turbidity, pH, 
 * temperature, and distance) and sends the data to a server. It also 
 * sends alerts if sensor values are out of specified ranges. The code 
 * ensures functionality even when WiFi is disconnected.
 */

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h>

const char* ssid = "your_SSID";
const char* password = "your_PASSWORD";
const char* serverName = "http://yourserver.com/api/data";
const char* alertServerName = "http://yourserver.com/api/alert";

const int turbidityPin = A2; // Turbidity sensor output connected to A2
const int phPin = A3; // pH meter signal connected to A3
const int tempPin = A1; // Temperature sensor data connected to A1
const int trigPin = 7; // HC-SR04 TRIG pin connected to D7
const int echoPin = 6; // HC-SR04 ECHO pin connected to D6

unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
const long interval = 1800000; // 30 minutes

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
  }
  Serial.println("Connected to WiFi");
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
  if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
    previousMillis = currentMillis;

    int turbidityValue = analogRead(turbidityPin);
    int phValue = analogRead(phPin);
    float voltage = phValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);
    float ph = 7 + ((2.5 - voltage) / 0.18);
    int tempValue = analogRead(tempPin);
    float tempVoltage = tempValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);
    float temperature = (tempVoltage - 0.5) * 100.0;

    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(2);
    digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(10);
    digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
    long duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
    float distance = (duration * 0.034) / 2;

    Serial.print("Turbidity Value: ");
    Serial.println(turbidityValue);
    Serial.print("pH Value: ");
    Serial.println(ph);
    Serial.print("Temperature: ");
    Serial.print(temperature);
    Serial.println(" C");
    Serial.print("Distance: ");
    Serial.print(distance);
    Serial.println(" cm");

    if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
      HTTPClient http;
      http.begin(serverName);
      http.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
      String httpRequestData = "turbidity=" + String(turbidityValue) + "&ph=" +
                               String(ph) + "&temperature=" + String(temperature) +
                               "&distance=" + String(distance);
      int httpResponseCode = http.POST(httpRequestData);
      if (httpResponseCode > 0) {
        String response = http.getString();
        Serial.println(httpResponseCode);
        Serial.println(response);
      } else {
        Serial.print("Error on sending POST: ");
        Serial.println(httpResponseCode);
      }
      http.end();
    } else {
      Serial.println("WiFi Disconnected");
    }

    if (ph < 6.5 || ph > 8.5 || turbidityValue > 5 || distance < 50) {
      if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
        HTTPClient http;
        http.begin(alertServerName);
        http.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        String alertData = "alert=1&turbidity=" + String(turbidityValue) + "&ph=" +
                           String(ph) + "&temperature=" + String(temperature) +
                           "&distance=" + String(distance);
        int alertResponseCode = http.POST(alertData);
        if (alertResponseCode > 0) {
          String response = http.getString();
          Serial.println(alertResponseCode);
          Serial.println(response);
        }