Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates various sensors, actuators, and microcontrollers to perform a range of functions. The core of the circuit is based on the ESP32 microcontroller, which is responsible for handling inputs from sensors like the photoresistor (LDR), HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, and capacitive and inductive proximity sensors. It also controls actuators such as servos and interfaces with an LCD display via I2C communication. An ESP-8266 controller is also included, which interacts with additional HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors and a piezo speaker. Power regulation is managed by a 3.3V regulator and a 5V DC source. The circuit is designed to be versatile, catering to various sensing and control applications.

Component List

Microcontrollers

• ESP32 - 38 pins: A powerful microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, featuring a wide range of GPIO pins.
• ESP-8266 Controller: A Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller used for IoT projects, with a set of digital and analog pins.

Sensors

• Photoresistor (LDR) Sensor (Wokwi Compatible): A light-sensitive sensor that changes resistance based on light intensity.
• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor: A sensor that measures distance by emitting ultrasonic waves and measuring the time taken for the echo to return.
• LJC18A3-B-Z/BY Capacitive Proximity Sensor: A sensor that detects the presence of objects based on changes in capacitance.
• LJ18A3-H-ZBX Inductive Proximity Sensor: A sensor that detects metallic objects based on electromagnetic induction.

Actuators

• Servo: An actuator capable of precise position control, commonly used for steering mechanisms in robotics and RC vehicles.

Power Supply

• DC Source 5V: Provides a stable 5V power supply to the circuit components.
• 3.3V regulator: Steps down voltage to 3.3V to power components that require a lower operating voltage.

Display

• LCD Display 16x4 I2C: A 16x4 character LCD display that communicates with the microcontroller via the I2C protocol.

Passive Components

• Resistor: A passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

Output Devices

• Piezo Speaker: An electronic device that emits sound when an electric current is applied, used for generating tones and beeps.

Wiring Details

ESP32 - 38 pins

• G34 connected to Photoresistor Sensor AO pin
• G32 connected to HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor TRIG pin
• G25 connected to Servo PWM pin
• G26 connected to another Servo PWM pin
• G27 connected to HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor ECHO pin
• 5V connected to various VCC pins of sensors and actuators
• GND connected to various GND pins of sensors and actuators
• G22 connected to LCD Display SCL pin
• G21 connected to LCD Display SDA pin
• G17 connected to a Resistor pin2
• G16 connected to another Resistor pin2

Photoresistor (LDR) Sensor (Wokwi Compatible)

• VCC connected to 5V power supply
• GND connected to ground
• AO connected to ESP32 G34 pin

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• TRIG connected to ESP32 G32 pin
• ECHO connected to ESP32 G27 pin
• VCC connected to 5V power supply
• GND connected to ground

Servo

• PWM connected to ESP32 G25 or G26 pin
• VCC connected to 5V power supply
• GND connected to ground

LCD Display 16x4 I2C

• SCL connected to ESP32 G22 pin
• SDA connected to ESP32 G21 pin
• VCC connected to 3.3V regulator output
• GND connected to ground

Resistor

• pin1 connected to Capacitive or Inductive Proximity Sensor VO (BLU) pin
• pin2 connected to ESP32 G17 or G16 pin

LJC18A3-B-Z/BY Capacitive Proximity Sensor

• VO (BLU) connected to a Resistor pin1
• VI (BRN) connected to 5V power supply
• SIG (BLK) connected to a Resistor pin1

LJ18A3-H-ZBX Inductive Proximity Sensor

• VO (BLU) connected to a Resistor pin1
• VI (BRN) connected to 5V power supply
• SIG (BLK) connected to a Resistor pin1

3.3V regulator

• GND connected to ground
• OUT connected to various VCC pins of sensors and actuators
• Vin connected to 5V power supply

ESP-8266 Controller

• D1 to D8 connected to various TRIG and ECHO pins of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensors
• RX connected to HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor ECHO pin
• 3V3 connected to HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor VCC pin
• GND connected to ground

Piezo Speaker

• pin1 connected to ground
• pin2 connected to ESP-8266 Controller D5 pin

Documented Code

No code was provided for the microcontrollers in the circuit. To fully document the circuit, the embedded code for the ESP32 and ESP-8266 controllers would be required. This code would typically initialize the hardware peripherals, manage sensor readings, control actuators, and handle communication protocols.