Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a comprehensive overview of a solar-powered circuit with various components including a solar panel, charge controller, low voltage disconnect (LVD), power inverter, battery, circuit breakers, AC supply, automatic transfer switch (ATS), bridge rectifier, LED bulbs, resistors, photocell (LDR), triac (BT139 600), relay modules, transistors (bc547), diodes, sensors (PIR, flame), microcontrollers (Arduino UNO, Arduino Nano), communication modules (HC-05 Bluetooth, sim 800l), power modules (LM2596 Step Down), RFID reader, keypad, and display units. The circuit is designed to manage solar energy for charging a battery and converting it to AC power, with provisions for automatic switching and control via microcontrollers.

Component List

Power Components

• Solar Panel: Converts sunlight into electrical energy.
• Charge Controller: Manages the charging of the battery from the solar panel.
• 12V Battery (mini): Stores electrical energy for later use.
• Power Inverter: Converts DC power from the battery to AC power.
• LVD (Low Voltage Disconnect): Protects the battery from being over-discharged.
• Circuit Breakers: Provide overcurrent protection for the circuit.
• Ac Supply: Provides AC power to the circuit.
• ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch): Switches between solar power and AC supply.
• Bridge Rectifier: Converts AC to DC power.
• LM2596 Step Down Module: Steps down voltage to a lower level.

Control Components

• Arduino UNO: Microcontroller board for controlling various functions.
• Arduino Nano: Compact microcontroller board for embedded control.
• HC-05 Bluetooth Module: Enables wireless communication.
• Relay 4 Channel 5v: Controls high power devices with low power signals.
• Relay 5-pin: Electromechanical switch controlled by an electronic signal.
• sim 800l: GSM/GPRS communication module.

Sensing and Interaction Components

• PIR sensor: Detects motion by sensing changes in infrared levels.
• Flame Sensor: Detects the presence of fire or flame.
• RFID-RC522: RFID reader for contactless communication.
• Membrane Matrix Keypad: Provides user input to the microcontroller.
• Photocell (LDR): Light-dependent resistor, changes resistance with light levels.

Output Components

• LED bulb AC / Bombillo AC: Light-emitting diode bulbs for illumination.
• LCD Display 16x4 I2C: Displays information to the user.

Passive Components

• Resistor: Limits the flow of electric current.
• Diode: Allows current to flow in one direction only.
• 1N4007 Rectifier Diode: Prevents reverse current flow.
• Terminal PCB 2 Pin: Connects wires to the circuit board.

Switching Components

• BT139 600: Triac for controlling AC power.
• bc547: NPN transistor for signal amplification and switching.

Wiring Details

Power Components Wiring

• Solar Panel
  • gnd to Charge Controller Solar Negative
  • vcc to Charge Controller Solar Positive
• Charge Controller
  • Battery Positive to LVD VIN+ and 12V Battery +
  • Battery Negative to LVD VIN- and 12V Battery -
• Power Inverter
  • + to LVD VOUT+ and Circuit Breaker +
  • - to LVD VOUT- and Circuit Breaker -
• LVD
  • VIN+ from Charge Controller Battery Positive
  • VIN- from Charge Controller Battery Negative
  • VOUT+ to Power Inverter +
  • VOUT- to Power Inverter -
• Circuit Breakers
  • Multiple connections to ATS, Ac Supply, and Power Inverter for protection.
• Ac Supply
  • +ve to Bridge Rectifier Source_in- and Circuit Breaker +
  • -ve to Circuit Breaker -
• ATS
  • + and - connected to Circuit Breakers for automatic switching.
• Bridge Rectifier
  • Source_in- and source_in+ from Ac Supply
  • source_out- and source_out+ to various components for DC output.

Control Components Wiring

• Arduino UNO
  • 5V and GND to various components for power.
  • Digital pins D2 to D6 connected to Relay 4 Channel 5v inputs.
• Arduino Nano
  • VIN and GND to various components for power.
  • Digital and analog pins connected to Flame Sensor, sim 800l, RFID-RC522, Membrane Matrix Keypad, and LCD Display.
• HC-05 Bluetooth Module
  • VCC to power source, GND to ground.
  • TXD and RXD for serial communication with Arduino UNO.

Sensing and Interaction Components Wiring

• PIR sensor
  • VDD and GND for power.
  • SIG to bc547 base for signal output.
• Flame Sensor
  • VCC and GND for power.
  • D0 to Arduino Nano D6 for digital signal output.
• RFID-RC522
  • VCC (3.3V) and GND for power.
  • SPI pins connected to Arduino Nano for communication.
• Membrane Matrix Keypad
  • Rows and columns connected to Arduino Nano digital pins for user input.
• Photocell (LDR)
  • Connected in series with resistors and BT139 600 for light sensing.

Output Components Wiring

• LED bulb AC / Bombillo AC
  • Multiple connections to Relay 4 Channel 5v NO terminals and AC power lines.
• LCD Display 16x4 I2C
  • SDA and SCL to Arduino Nano for I2C communication.
  • VCC and GND for power.

Passive Components Wiring

• Resistor
  • Connected in series with Photocell (LDR) and BT139 600.
• Diode
  • anode to bc547 collector, cathode to Relay 5-pin Coil for flyback protection.

Switching Components Wiring

• BT139 600
  • MT1 and MT2 connected to Bridge rectifier outputs.
  • GATE connected to resistors and Photocell (LDR).
• bc547
  • collector to Relay 5-pin Coil and diode anode.
  • base to PIR sensor SIG and Arduino Nano A0.
  • Emitter to ground and PIR sensor VDD.

Documented Code

Arduino UNO Code (Instance ID: 26015be7-91e8-4942-ad0c-174156c2b8b6)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Arduino Nano Code (Instance ID: 1ee9ae51-62cd-4ed2-a7a0-5198da9e590d)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Arduino Nano Code (Instance ID: b1c2330d-7f25-4753-bcd3-02175bfb05cb)

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

(Note: The actual functionality within the setup() and loop() functions is not provided in the input code and should be implemented according to the specific requirements of the circuit.)