Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to monitor environmental conditions and control a water pump based on soil moisture levels. It includes sensors for soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and proximity detection. The circuit also features a relay to control a water pump and a buzzer to alert when an animal is detected.

Component List

1. Arduino UNO

   • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

2. IR Sensor

   • Description: Infrared sensor for detecting objects.
   • Pins: out, gnd, vcc

3. SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor

   • Description: Sensor to measure soil moisture levels.
   • Pins: VCC, GND, SIG

4. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

   • Description: Ultrasonic sensor for measuring distance.
   • Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND

5. DHT11

   • Description: Temperature and humidity sensor.
   • Pins: DATA, GND, VCC

6. 1-Channel Relay (5V 10A)

   • Description: Relay module to control high-power devices.
   • Pins: NC, signal, C, power, NO, ground

7. 5V Mini Water Pump

   • Description: Small water pump powered by 5V.
   • Pins: positive pin, negative pin

8. Buzzer

   • Description: Buzzer for audio alerts.
   • Pins: PIN, GND

9. 9V Battery

   • Description: Power source for the circuit.
   • Pins: +, -

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• GND: Connected to GND of IR Sensor, Soil Moisture Sensor, Buzzer, Relay, DHT11, and Ultrasonic Sensor.
• 5V: Connected to VCC of IR Sensor, Soil Moisture Sensor, Relay, DHT11, and Ultrasonic Sensor.
• A0: Connected to SIG of Soil Moisture Sensor.
• D8: Connected to signal of Relay.
• D6: Connected to PIN of Buzzer.
• D5: Connected to out of IR Sensor.
• D4: Connected to ECHO of Ultrasonic Sensor.
• D3: Connected to TRIG of Ultrasonic Sensor.
• D2: Connected to DATA of DHT11.

IR Sensor

• gnd: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• vcc: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• out: Connected to D5 of Arduino UNO.

SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• SIG: Connected to A0 of Arduino UNO.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• TRIG: Connected to D3 of Arduino UNO.
• ECHO: Connected to D4 of Arduino UNO.

DHT11

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• DATA: Connected to D2 of Arduino UNO.

1-Channel Relay (5V 10A)

• ground: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• power: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO.
• signal: Connected to D8 of Arduino UNO.
• C: Connected to + of 9V Battery.
• NO: Connected to positive pin of Water Pump.

5V Mini Water Pump

• positive pin: Connected to NO of Relay.
• negative pin: Connected to - of 9V Battery.

Buzzer

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO.
• PIN: Connected to D6 of Arduino UNO.

9V Battery

• +: Connected to C of Relay.
• -: Connected to negative pin of Water Pump.

Documented Code

#include <DHT.h>

// Define pins for DHT sensor
#define DHTPIN 2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

// Define pins for soil moisture sensor and relay
const int soilMoisturePin = A0;
const int relayPin = 8;

// Define pins for ultrasonic sensor and IR sensor
#define TRIG_PIN 3
#define ECHO_PIN 4
#define IR_SENSOR_PIN 5
#define BUZZER_PIN 6

// Define threshold values
const int moistureThreshold = 30;
const int maxMoistureValue = 1023;

// Variables for ultrasonic sensor
long duration;
int distance;

// Variables for IR sensor
bool irDetected = false;

void setup() {
  // Initialize serial communication
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Initialize DHT sensor
  dht.begin();

  // Set pin modes
  pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(IR_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);

  // Ensure the pump and buzzer are off initially
  digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
}

void loop() {
  // Delay for reading sensors
  delay(2000);

  // Read DHT sensor
  float humidity = dht.readHumidity();
  float temperature = dht.readTemperature();

  // Check if DHT readings are valid
  if (isnan(humidity) || isnan(temperature)) {
    Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
  } else {
    Serial.print("Humidity: ");
    Serial.print(humidity);
    Serial.print(" %\t");
    Serial.print("Temperature: ");
    Serial.print(temperature);
    Serial.println(" *C");
  }

  // Read soil moisture value
  int sensorValue = analogRead(soilMoisturePin);
  int moisturePercentage = map(sensorValue, 0, maxMoistureValue, 100, 0);

  // Print the moisture percentage to the serial monitor for debugging
  Serial.print("Soil Moisture: ");
  Serial.print(moisturePercentage);
  Serial.println("%");

  // Check if soil moisture is below the threshold
  if (moisturePercentage > moistureThreshold) {
    digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // Turn on the pump
    Serial.println("Pump ON");
  } else {
    digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Turn off the pump
    Serial.println("Pump OFF");
  }

  // Measure distance from the ultrasonic sensor
  distance = measureDistance(TRIG_PIN, ECHO_PIN);

  // Read IR sensor value
  irDetected = digitalRead(IR_SENSOR_PIN) == LOW; // Assuming LOW means detection

  // Check if an animal is detected (adjust distance threshold as needed)
  if (distance < 100 || irDetected) {
    activateBuzzer();
    Serial.println("Animal Detected!");
  } else {
    deactivateBuzzer();
  }

  // Small delay to prevent too much serial output
  delay(200);
}

int measureDistance(int trigPin, int echoPin) {
  // Send a pulse to trigger the ultrasonic sensor
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  // Measure the duration of the echo pulse
  long duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
  
  // Calculate the distance in cm
  int distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;
  return distance;
}

void activateBuzzer() {
  digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
}

void deactivateBuzzer() {
  digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
}

This documentation provides a comprehensive overview of the circuit, including a summary, component list, wiring details, and the embedded code used in the Arduino UNO.