Circuit Documentation

Summary of the Circuit

This circuit is designed to harness solar power to charge a 2000mAh battery and provide a regulated 5V output to power an ESP8266 microcontroller and a relay module. The ESP8266 reads the output from an ACS712 current sensor and controls the relay based on the current detected. The system is capable of connecting to a WiFi network and sending signals to a server when the current threshold is exceeded.

Component List

Solar Panel

• Description: A photovoltaic panel that converts sunlight into electrical energy.
• Pins: +, -

LM7805 Voltage Regulator

• Description: A fixed-voltage integrated circuit voltage regulator designed to provide a stable 5V DC output.
• Pins: IN PIN, OUT PIN, GND

Charge Controller

• Description: Manages the power going into the battery bank from the solar panel.
• Pins: GND, BAT, Vin

ACS712 Current Sensor

• Description: A hall-effect-based linear current sensor capable of measuring both AC and DC currents.
• Pins: 1, 2, GND, OUT, VCC

2000mAh Battery

• Description: A rechargeable battery that stores electrical energy.
• Pins: VCC, GND

ESP8266 Microcontroller

• Description: A low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability.
• Pins: 3V, G, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0, A0, S3, S2, S1, SC, S0, SK, EN, VIN, RST, VU

Relay Module

• Description: An electrically operated switch that allows you to turn on or off a circuit using voltage and/or current much higher than a microcontroller can handle.
• Pins: NC, COM, INPUT, GND, VCC

Alligator Clip Cables (Blue, Red, Yellow)

• Description: Used to connect components temporarily without soldering.
• Pins: Pin, Alligator

Wiring Details

Solar Panel

• + connected to Charge Controller Vin
• - connected to Charge Controller GND

LM7805 Voltage Regulator

• IN PIN connected to 2000mAh Battery GND
• OUT PIN connected to ACS712 Current Sensor VCC, Relay Module VCC, and ESP8266 VU
• GND connected to ACS712 Current Sensor GND, 2000mAh Battery VCC, Charge Controller GND, Relay Module GND, and ESP8266 G

Charge Controller

• GND connected to Solar Panel -, ACS712 Current Sensor GND, 2000mAh Battery VCC, LM7805 GND, Relay Module GND, and ESP8266 G
• BAT connected to 2000mAh Battery GND
• Vin connected to Solar Panel +

ACS712 Current Sensor

• GND connected to 2000mAh Battery VCC, LM7805 GND, Charge Controller GND, Relay Module GND, and ESP8266 G
• OUT connected to ESP8266 A0
• VCC connected to LM7805 OUT PIN

2000mAh Battery

• VCC connected to ACS712 Current Sensor GND, LM7805 GND, and Charge Controller GND
• GND connected to LM7805 IN PIN and Charge Controller BAT

ESP8266 Microcontroller

• G connected to ACS712 Current Sensor GND, LM7805 GND, Charge Controller GND, and Relay Module GND
• VU connected to LM7805 OUT PIN
• A0 connected to ACS712 Current Sensor OUT
• D1 connected to Relay Module INPUT

Relay Module

• GND connected to ACS712 Current Sensor GND, LM7805 GND, Charge Controller GND, and ESP8266 G
• VCC connected to LM7805 OUT PIN
• INPUT connected to ESP8266 D1

Documented Code

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>

const int currentSensorPin = A0; // Analog pin connected to current sensor
const int relayPin = D1;         // Digital pin connected to relay module
const int threshold = 512;       // Threshold value for current detection

const char* ssid = "your_SSID";
const char* password = "12345678";
const char* serverUrl = "http://your_server/turn_off_switch";

void setup() {
  pinMode(currentSensorPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Ensure relay is off initially

  Serial.begin(115200);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
  }
  Serial.println("Connected to WiFi");
}

void loop() {
  int sensorValue = analogRead(currentSensorPin);
  Serial.println(sensorValue);

  if (sensorValue > threshold) {
    // Current detected at the first naked wire
    digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // Turn on the relay (or off, depending on your relay type)
    sendSignalToServer();
  } else {
    digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Ensure relay is off
  }

  delay(1000); // Adjust delay as needed
}

void sendSignalToServer() {
  if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
    HTTPClient http;
    http.begin(serverUrl);
    int httpCode = http.GET();

    if (httpCode > 0) {
      String payload = http.getString();
      Serial.println(payload);
    } else {
      Serial.println("Error in sending signal");
    }
    http.end();
  }
}

This code is designed to run on the ESP8266 microcontroller. It initializes the WiFi connection, reads the current sensor value, and controls the relay based on the current threshold. If the current exceeds the threshold, it sends a signal to a server.