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Arduino UNO-Based Smart Stepper Motor System with RFID and Ultrasonic Sensing

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates an Arduino UNO microcontroller with various sensors and modules, including an RFID reader, an ultrasonic sensor, a stepper motor driver, a limit switch, and a power supply. The Arduino UNO controls the components and processes data from the sensors to perform specific tasks.

Component List

  1. Arduino UNO

    • Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
    • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

  2. A4988 Stepper Motor Driver Carrier

    • Description: A carrier board for the A4988 microstepping bipolar stepper motor driver.
    • Pins: ENABLE, MS1, MS2, MS3, RESET, SLEEP, STEP, DIR, GND, VCC, 1B, 1A, 2A, 2B, VMOT

  3. Limit Switch 3wires

    • Description: A mechanical switch used to detect the presence or absence of an object.
    • Pins: signal, GND, V in

  4. 12v Power Supply

    • Description: A power supply providing 12V DC.
    • Pins: +, -

  5. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

    • Description: An ultrasonic distance sensor.
    • Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND

  6. Bipolar Stepper Motor (NEMA 17)

    • Description: A bipolar stepper motor.
    • Pins: A-, A+, B+, B-

  7. RFID-RC522

    • Description: An RFID reader module.
    • Pins: VCC (3.3V), RST, GND, IRQ, MISO, MOSI, SCK, SDA

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

A4988 Stepper Motor Driver Carrier

Limit Switch 3wires

12v Power Supply

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

Bipolar Stepper Motor (NEMA 17)

RFID-RC522

Documented Code

#include <NewPing.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>

const int stepPin = 3; 
const int dirPin = 4; 
const int UltrasonicPin = 6;
const int EndstopPin = 7;
const int Echo_Pin = 5;
const int MaxDistance = 200;
const int RST_PIN = 9;        // Pin 9 para el reset del RC522
const int SS_PIN = 10;        // Pin 10 para el SS (SDA) del RC522
MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);   // Crear instancia del MFRC522

byte validKey1[4] = { 0x40, 0x3E, 0x45, 0x39 };  // Clave valida

//Función para comparar dos vectores
bool isEqualArray(byte* arrayA, byte* arrayB, int length)
{
  for (int index = 0; index < length; index++)
  {
    if (arrayA[index] != arrayB[index]) return false;
  }
  return true;
}

NewPing sonar(UltrasonicPin, Echo_Pin, MaxDistance);

void setup() {                                    //Bucle Setup
  Serial.begin(9600);
  SPI.begin();        // Iniciar SPI
  mfrc522.PCD_Init(); // Iniciar MFRC522
  pinMode(stepPin,OUTPUT); 
  pinMode(dirPin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(EndstopPin, INPUT);
}

void loop() {                                       //Bucle Loop
  ultrasonidos();                                  // Codigo de ultrasonidos
  rfid();                                         // Codigo del lector de tarjetas
  //stepper();                                      // Codigo del motor
  int switchState = digitalRead(EndstopPin);
      if(switchState == LOW) {
            // switch is closed
            Serial.println("Switch is Closed");
        } else if(switchState == HIGH) {
            // switch is open
            Serial.println("Switch is Open");
        }
}

void ultrasonidos(){
  delay(100);                                      // esperar 50ms entre pings 
  Serial.print(sonar.ping_cm());                   // obtener el valor en cm (0 = fuera de rango)
  Serial.println("cm");
    if (sonar.ping_cm()>3 && sonar.ping_cm()<15) {
    Serial.println("cocheeeeee");
    }
}

void rfid() {
  // Detectar tarjeta
  if (mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent())
  {
    Serial.println("Tarjeta detectada");
    //Seleccionamos una tarjeta
    if (mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial())
    {
      // Comparar ID con las claves válidas
      if (isEqualArray(mfrc522.uid.uidByte, validKey1, 4))
        Serial.println("Tarjeta valida");
      else
        Serial.println("Tarjeta invalida");

      // Finalizar lectura actual
      mfrc522.PICC_HaltA