Project Documentation

ESP32-Based Security System with RFID, PIR Sensor, and Laser Modules

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates various components including sensors, a microcontroller, input/output devices, and power management modules to create a complex system. The central processing unit is an ESP32 microcontroller, which interfaces with a PIR sensor, a laser emitter and receiver, a keypad, an IO expander, an RFID module, and display and alerting devices such as an OLED display, LEDs, and a buzzer. Power management is handled by buck converters, a solar panel with a charge controller, and a UPS battery. The circuit also includes a relay module for controlling an electric lock, indicating a potential application in security or access control systems.

Component List

KY-008 Laser Emitter

Pins: SIG, 5v, GND
Description: A module that emits a laser beam.

PIR Sensor

Pins: VDD, SIG, GND
Description: A motion sensor that detects changes in infrared radiation.

Laser Receiver Module

Pins: VCC, OUTPUT, GROUND
Description: A module that detects the laser beam emitted by the KY-008.

ESP32 (30 pin)

Pins: EN, VP, VN, D34, D35, D32, D33, D25, D26, D27, D14, D12, D13, GND, Vin, D23, D22, TX0, RX0, D21, D19, D18, D5, TX2, RX2, D4, D2, D15, 3V3
Description: A powerful microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.

4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad

Pins: R1, R2, R3, R4, C1, C2, C3, C4
Description: An input device with 16 buttons arranged in a matrix.

PCF8575 IO Expander

Pins: GND, VDD, P00 to P07, P10 to P17, INT, SCL, SDA, VCC
Description: An integrated circuit that expands the number of IO pins available to the microcontroller.

RFID-RC522

Pins: VCC (3.3V), RST, GND, IRQ, MISO, MOSI, SCK, SDA
Description: A module for reading RFID tags.

Buzzer

Pins: PIN, GND
Description: An audio signaling device.

LED: Two Pin (green)

Pins: cathode, anode
Description: A green light-emitting diode.

LED: Two Pin (red)

Pins: cathode, anode
Description: A red light-emitting diode.

Resistor

Pins: pin1, pin2
Description: A passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance.

KY-019 Relay Module 1 Channel

Pins: S, 5V, GND, NC, COM, NO
Description: A module that allows a low-power signal to switch a higher power circuit.

Solar Panel

Pins: +, -
Description: A panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy for generating electricity.

AC Source

Pins: -, +
Description: A source of alternating current (AC) power.

Solar Charge Controller

Pins: Solar Cell +, Solar Cell -, Battery +, Battery -, Load +, Load -
Description: A device that controls the charging of a battery from a solar panel and manages power to the load.

UPS Battery

Pins: GND, VCC
Description: An uninterruptible power supply battery that provides backup power.

Buck Converter

Pins: IN+, IN-, OUT+, OUT-
Description: A power converter that steps down voltage from its input to its output.

OLED Display 2.42"

Pins: GND, VCC, SCK, SDA, RES, DC, CS
Description: A small display screen for visual output.

Centralized Power Supply

Pins: L, N, com, DC -, dc -, dc +
Description: A power supply unit that provides centralized power distribution.

Electric Lock

Pins: GND, VCC
Description: An electromechanical lock that can be controlled electronically.

Custom 1

Pins: vcc, gnd
Description: A custom component with power connections.

Wiring Details