Arduino UNO Solar Panel Cleaning System with Dust and Water Level Sensors
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Circuit Documentation
Summary
This project automates the cleaning of solar panels using IoT. When the dust level exceeds a threshold, the pump and motor are activated to clean the panels. The motor changes direction upon hitting limit switches. Parameters such as temperature, humidity, voltage, current, water level, and dust level are monitored on an LCD and the Blynk platform.
Component List
Solar Panel
- Pins: +, -
- Description: Converts sunlight into electrical energy.
12V Battery (mini)
- Pins: -, +
- Description: Stores electrical energy for use in the circuit.
Voltage Sensor DC 25V
- Pins: +, -, output, gnd, vcc
- Description: Measures the voltage in the circuit.
ACS712 Current Sensor 5A 20A 30A
- Pins: 1, 2, GND, OUT, VCC
- Description: Measures the current flowing through the circuit.
GP2Y1010AU0F
- Pins: VCC, Vout, S-GND, LED, LED-GND, V-LED
- Description: Dust sensor for measuring dust levels.
DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor
- Pins: VDD, DATA, NULL, GND
- Description: Measures humidity and temperature.
LCD screen 16x2 I2C
- Pins: SCL, SDA, VCC, GND
- Description: Displays parameters such as temperature, humidity, voltage, and current.
I2C module
- Pins: SCL, SDA, VCC, GND
- Description: Facilitates communication between the microcontroller and the LCD screen.
Arduino UNO R4 WiFi
- Pins: OFF, GND, VRTC, IIC0_SCL, IIC0_SDA, 3V3, GPIO 41, GPIO 0, GPIO 42, GPIO 43, GPIO 44, BOOT, IOREF, RESET, 5V, VIN, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, RSPCKA, CIPO, COPI, D0/RX, D1/TX, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, AREF, SDA, SCL
- Description: Microcontroller for controlling the circuit and running the embedded code.
Water Level Sensor
- Pins: SIG, VCC, GND
- Description: Measures the water level in the tank.
Resistor
- Pins: pin1, pin2
- Description: Limits the current flow in the circuit.
- Properties: Resistance: 150 Ohms
Electrolytic Capacitor
- Pins: -, +
- Description: Stores electrical energy and smooths voltage fluctuations.
- Properties: Capacitance: 220000 Farads
Micro Switch
- Pins: COM, NO, NC
- Description: Detects the position of the motor.
12V SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY
- Pins: NC, COM, NO, IN, GND, VCC
- Description: Controls the water pump.
Solar Charge Controller
- Pins: Solar Cell +, Solar Cell -, Battery +, Battery -, Load +, Load -
- Description: Manages the charging of the battery from the solar panel.
Water Pump
- Pins: VCC, GND
- Description: Pumps water for cleaning the solar panels.
2ch relay
- Pins: NC, COM, NO, VCC, IN2, IN1, GND
- Description: Controls the motor direction.
775 motor
- Pins: positive, negative
- Description: Drives the cleaning mechanism.
7805
- Pins: Vin, Gnd, Vout
- Description: Voltage regulator to provide a stable 5V output.
Wiring Details
Solar Panel
- + connected to Voltage Sensor DC 25V (vcc)
- - connected to Solar Charge Controller (Solar Cell -)
12V Battery (mini)
- + connected to Solar Charge Controller (Battery +)
- - connected to Solar Charge Controller (Battery -)
Voltage Sensor DC 25V
- + connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (5V)
- - connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (GND)
- output connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (A2)
- gnd connected to Solar Charge Controller (Solar Cell -)
- vcc connected to ACS712 Current Sensor 5A 20A 30A (1)
ACS712 Current Sensor 5A 20A 30A
- 1 connected to Voltage Sensor DC 25V (vcc)
- 2 connected to Solar Charge Controller (Solar Cell +)
- GND connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (GND)
- OUT connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (A0)
- VCC connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (5V)
GP2Y1010AU0F
- VCC connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (5V)
- Vout connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (A3)
- S-GND connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (GND)
- LED connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (D13)
- LED-GND connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (GND)
- V-LED connected to Resistor (pin2)
DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor
- VDD connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (5V)
- DATA connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (D2)
- GND connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (GND)
LCD screen 16x2 I2C
- SCL connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (SCL)
- SDA connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (SDA)
- VCC connected to I2C module (VCC)
- GND connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (GND)
I2C module
- SCL connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (SCL)
- SDA connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (SDA)
- VCC connected to LCD screen 16x2 I2C (VCC)
- GND connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (GND)
Arduino UNO R4 WiFi
- 5V connected to DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor (VDD)
- GND connected to LCD screen 16x2 I2C (GND)
- A2 connected to Voltage Sensor DC 25V (output)
- A0 connected to ACS712 Current Sensor 5A 20A 30A (OUT)
- A3 connected to GP2Y1010AU0F (Vout)
- D13 connected to GP2Y1010AU0F (LED)
- D2 connected to DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor (DATA)
- D6 connected to Micro Switch (NO)
- D8 connected to Micro Switch (NO)
- D9 connected to 2ch relay (IN1)
- D10 connected to 2ch relay (IN2)
- SCL connected to LCD screen 16x2 I2C (SCL)
- SDA connected to LCD screen 16x2 I2C (SDA)
Water Level Sensor
- SIG connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (A1)
- VCC connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (5V)
- GND connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (GND)
Resistor
- pin2 connected to GP2Y1010AU0F (V-LED)
Electrolytic Capacitor
- + connected to Solar Charge Controller (Load +)
- - connected to Solar Charge Controller (Load -)
Micro Switch
- COM connected to Arduino UNO R4 WiFi (GND)
- NO connected to **Arduino UNO R