Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a conveyor system using an Arduino UNO microcontroller. The system includes multiple 16x2 I2C LCD displays, an RTC DS3231 module for real-time clock functionality, an H-bridge motor driver to control a DC motor, and several emergency stop buttons. The Arduino UNO is programmed to manage the conveyor's operation, display real-time data on the LCDs, and handle emergency stop conditions.

Component List

16x2 I2C LCD

• Description: A 16x2 character LCD display with I2C interface.
• Pins: GND, VCC, SDA, SCL

Arduino UNO

• Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
• Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

Emergency STOP

• Description: A normally closed (NC) emergency stop button.
• Pins: NC

RTC DS3231

• Description: A real-time clock module with I2C interface.
• Pins: 32K, SQW, SCL, SDA, VCC, GND

H-Bridge Motor Driver (Ponte H)

• Description: A motor driver module for controlling DC motors.
• Pins: OUT4-Motor2, OUT3-Motor2, OUT2-Motor1, OUT1-Motor1, 5V, GND, 12V, IN3, IN1, IN2, IN4

DC Motor

• Description: A DC motor with two connection pins.
• Pins: pin 1, pin 2

12V 7Ah Battery

• Description: A 12V lead-acid battery.
• Pins: 12v +, 12v -

Wiring Details

16x2 I2C LCD

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO and RTC DS3231.
• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO and VCC of RTC DS3231.
• SDA: Connected to A4 of Arduino UNO and SDA of RTC DS3231.
• SCL: Connected to A5 of Arduino UNO and SCL of RTC DS3231.

Arduino UNO

• GND: Connected to GND of all 16x2 I2C LCDs and RTC DS3231.
• 5V: Connected to VCC of all 16x2 I2C LCDs and RTC DS3231.
• A4 (SDA): Connected to SDA of all 16x2 I2C LCDs and RTC DS3231.
• A5 (SCL): Connected to SCL of all 16x2 I2C LCDs and RTC DS3231.
• D13: Connected to IN1 of H-Bridge Motor Driver.
• D7: Connected to NC of an Emergency STOP button.
• D6: Connected to NC of an Emergency STOP button.
• D5: Connected to NC of an Emergency STOP button.
• D4: Connected to NC of an Emergency STOP button.
• D3: Connected to NC of an Emergency STOP button.
• D2: Connected to NC of an Emergency STOP button.

Emergency STOP

• NC: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO and various digital pins (D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7) of Arduino UNO.

RTC DS3231

• GND: Connected to GND of Arduino UNO and all 16x2 I2C LCDs.
• VCC: Connected to 5V of Arduino UNO and all 16x2 I2C LCDs.
• SDA: Connected to A4 of Arduino UNO and SDA of all 16x2 I2C LCDs.
• SCL: Connected to A5 of Arduino UNO and SCL of all 16x2 I2C LCDs.

H-Bridge Motor Driver (Ponte H)

• IN1: Connected to D13 of Arduino UNO.
• OUT1-Motor1: Connected to pin 1 of DC Motor.
• OUT2-Motor1: Connected to pin 2 of DC Motor.
• GND: Connected to 12v - of 12V 7Ah Battery.
• 12V: Connected to 12v + of 12V 7Ah Battery.

DC Motor

• pin 1: Connected to OUT1-Motor1 of H-Bridge Motor Driver.
• pin 2: Connected to OUT2-Motor1 of H-Bridge Motor Driver.

12V 7Ah Battery

• 12v +: Connected to 12V of H-Bridge Motor Driver.
• 12v -: Connected to GND of H-Bridge Motor Driver.

Code Documentation

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <RTClib.h>

// Define constants
#define NUM_POSTS 6
#define CONVEYOR_PIN 13 // Pin to control conveyor motor
#define DEBOUNCE_DELAY 50 // Debounce delay in milliseconds

// Button and LCD pin definitions
const int buttonPins[NUM_POSTS] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcds[NUM_POSTS] = {
  LiquidCrystal_I2C(0x27, 16, 2),
  LiquidCrystal_I2C(0x26, 16, 2),
  LiquidCrystal_I2C(0x25, 16, 2),
  LiquidCrystal_I2C(0x24, 16, 2),
  LiquidCrystal_I2C(0x23, 16, 2),
  LiquidCrystal_I2C(0x22, 16, 2)
};

// Variables
RTC_DS3231 rtc;
bool conveyorStopped = false;
unsigned long lastMoveTime = 0;
unsigned long downtimeStart[NUM_POSTS] = {0};
unsigned long totalDowntime[NUM_POSTS] = {0};
bool buttonPressed[NUM_POSTS] = {false};
unsigned long lastDebounceTime[NUM_POSTS] = {0};

void setup() {
  // Initialize serial monitor
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Initialize conveyor control pin
  pinMode(CONVEYOR_PIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(CONVEYOR_PIN, LOW); // Start with conveyor off

  // Initialize buttons
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_POSTS; i++) {
    pinMode(buttonPins[i], INPUT_PULLUP); // Pull-up configuration
  }

  // Initialize LCDs
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_POSTS; i++) {
    lcds[i].init();
    lcds[i].backlight();
    lcds[i].setCursor(0, 0);
    lcds[i].print("Initializing...");
  }

  // Initialize RTC
  if (!rtc.begin()) {
    Serial.println("RTC not found!");
    while (1);
  }
}

void loop() {
  // Update date and time
  DateTime now = rtc.now();

  // Check buttons and calculate downtime
  conveyorStopped = false;
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_POSTS; i++) {
    bool isPressed = !digitalRead(buttonPins[i]); // Active low
    if (isPressed != buttonPressed[i]) {
      lastDebounceTime[i] = millis();
    }

    if ((millis() - lastDebounceTime[i]) > DEBOUNCE_DELAY) {
      if (isPressed != buttonPressed[i]) {
        buttonPressed[i] = isPressed;
        if (isPressed) {
          downtimeStart[i] = millis();
        } else {
          totalDowntime[i] += millis() - downtimeStart[i];
        }
      }
    }

    if (buttonPressed[i]) {
      conveyorStopped = true;
    }
  }

  // Control conveyor
  if (conveyorStopped) {
    digitalWrite(CONVEYOR_PIN, LOW); // Stop conveyor
  } else if (millis() - lastMoveTime >= 120000) { // 2 minutes interval
    digitalWrite(CONVEYOR_PIN, HIGH); // Move conveyor
    delay(2000); // Allow conveyor to move briefly
    digitalWrite(CONVEYOR_PIN, LOW);
    lastMoveTime = millis();
  }

  // Update LCDs
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_POSTS; i++) {
    lcds[i].clear();
    lcds[i].setCursor(0, 0);
    lcds[i].print("Date: ");
    lcds[i].print(now.day(), DEC);
    lcds[i].print("/");
    lcds[i].print(now.month(), DEC);
    lcds[i].print("/");