Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit consists of an Arduino UNO microcontroller connected to a Piezo Speaker. The Arduino UNO is programmed to play a melody through the Piezo Speaker. The connections and code details are provided below.

Component List

Arduino UNO

• Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
• Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

Piezo Speaker

• Description: A small speaker that can be used to generate tones and sounds.
• Pins: pin1, pin2

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• GND: Connected to pin1 of the Piezo Speaker
• D9: Connected to pin2 of the Piezo Speaker

Piezo Speaker

• pin1: Connected to GND of the Arduino UNO
• pin2: Connected to D9 of the Arduino UNO

Code Documentation

sketch.ino

// -------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) 2022 HiBit <https://www.hibit.dev>
// -------------------------------------------------

#include "pitches.h"

#define REST 0

#define BUZZER_PIN 9

int melody[] = {
  NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4,
  NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4,
  NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_F4,
  NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_F4,
  NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4,
  
  NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4,
  NOTE_D4,
  NOTE_F4, NOTE_AS3,
  NOTE_DS4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_AS3,
  NOTE_DS4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_C4,
  
  NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4,
  
  NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4,
  NOTE_D4,
  NOTE_F4, NOTE_AS3,
  NOTE_DS4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_AS3,
  NOTE_DS4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_C4,
  NOTE_G4, NOTE_C4,
  NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_G4,  NOTE_C4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4,
  
  NOTE_D4,
  NOTE_F4, NOTE_AS3,
  NOTE_D4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_AS3,
  NOTE_C4,
  NOTE_C5,
  NOTE_AS4,
  NOTE_C4,
  NOTE_G4,
  NOTE_DS4,
  NOTE_DS4, NOTE_F4,
  NOTE_G4,
  
  NOTE_C5,
  NOTE_AS4,
  NOTE_C4,
  NOTE_G4,
  NOTE_DS4,
  NOTE_DS4, NOTE_D4,
  NOTE_C5, NOTE_G4, NOTE_GS4, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_G4, NOTE_GS4, NOTE_AS4,
  NOTE_C5, NOTE_G4, NOTE_GS4, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_G4, NOTE_GS4, NOTE_AS4,
  
  REST, NOTE_GS5, NOTE_AS5, NOTE_C6, NOTE_G5, NOTE_GS5, NOTE_AS5,
  NOTE_C6, NOTE_G5, NOTE_GS5, NOTE_AS5, NOTE_C6, NOTE_G5, NOTE_GS5, NOTE_AS5
};

int durations[] = {
  8, 8, 16, 16, 8, 8, 16, 16,
  8, 8, 16, 16, 8, 8, 16, 16,
  8, 8, 16, 16, 8, 8, 16, 16,
  8, 8, 16, 16, 8, 8, 16, 16,
  4, 4,
  
  16, 16, 4, 4, 16, 16,
  1,
  4, 4,
  16, 16, 4, 4,
  16, 16, 1,
  
  4, 4,
  
  16, 16, 4, 4, 16, 16,
  1,
  4, 4,
  16, 16, 4, 4,
  16, 16, 1,
  4, 4,
  16, 16, 4, 4, 16, 16,
  
  2,
  4, 4,
  8, 8, 8, 8,
  1,
  2,
  2,
  2,
  2,
  2,
  4, 4,
  1,
  
  2,
  2,
  2,
  2,
  2,
  4, 4,
  8, 8, 16, 16, 8, 8, 16, 16,
  8, 8, 16, 16, 8, 8, 16, 16,
  
  4, 16, 16, 8, 8, 16, 16,
  8, 16, 16, 16, 8, 8, 16, 16
};

void setup()
{
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
  int size = sizeof(durations) / sizeof(int);

  for (int note = 0; note < size; note++) {
    //to calculate the note duration, take one second divided by the note type.
    //e.g. quarter note = 1000 / 4, eighth note = 1000/8, etc.
    int duration = 1000 / durations[note];
    tone(BUZZER_PIN, melody[note], duration);

    //to distinguish the notes, set a minimum time between them.
    //the note's duration + 30% seems to work well:
    int pauseBetweenNotes = duration * 1.30;
    delay(pauseBetweenNotes);

    //stop the tone playing:
    noTone(BUZZER_PIN);
  }
}

pitches.h

/*************************************************
   Public Constants
 *************************************************/

#define NOTE_B0 31
#define NOTE_C1 33
#define NOTE_CS1 35
#define NOTE_D1 37
#define NOTE_DS1 39
#define NOTE_E1 41
#define NOTE_F1 44
#define NOTE_FS1 46
#define NOTE_G1 49
#define NOTE_GS1 52
#define NOTE_A1 55
#define NOTE_AS1 58
#define NOTE_B1 62
#define NOTE_C2 65
#define NOTE_CS2 69
#define NOTE_D2 73
#define NOTE_DS2 78
#define NOTE_E2 82
#define NOTE_F2 87
#define NOTE_FS2 93
#define NOTE_G2 98
#define NOTE_GS2 104
#define NOTE_A2 110
#define NOTE_AS2 117
#define NOTE_B2 123
#define NOTE_C3 131
#define NOTE_CS3 139
#define NOTE_D3 147
#define NOTE_DS3 156
#define NOTE_E3 165
#define NOTE_F3 175
#define NOTE_FS3 185
#define NOTE_G3 196
#define NOTE_GS3 208
#define NOTE_A3 220
#define NOTE_AS3 233
#define NOTE_B3 247
#define NOTE_C4 262
#define NOTE_CS4 277
#define NOTE_D4 294
#define NOTE_DS4 311
#define NOTE_E4 330
#define NOTE_F4 349
#define NOTE_FS4 370
#define NOTE_G4 392
#define NOTE_GS4 415
#define NOTE_A4 440
#define NOTE_AS4 466
#define NOTE_B4 494
#define NOTE_C5 523
#define NOTE_CS5 554
#define NOTE_D5 587
#define NOTE_DS5 622
#define NOTE_E5 659
#define NOTE_F5 698
#define NOTE_FS5 740
#define NOTE_G5 784
#define NOTE_GS5 831
#define NOTE_A5 880
#define NOTE_AS5 932
#define NOTE_B5 988
#define NOTE_C6 1047
#define NOTE_CS6 1109