Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit integrates a variety of components including microcontrollers, sensors, actuators, and power management modules to create a complex system capable of sensing, processing, and actuating based on the inputs and programmed logic. The core of the system is based on a Raspberry Pi 4B and two Arduino Mega 2560 microcontrollers, which handle the majority of the computational tasks and interface with the various peripherals. The circuit includes sensors for environmental data acquisition, such as a BMP280 for pressure and temperature, a water level sensor, and a voltage sensor. Actuators in the circuit include servos, DC motors, and a stepper motor, which are driven by corresponding driver circuits. The circuit also features an LCD I2C display for output visualization and an Arducam module for image capture. Communication between components is facilitated through GPIO, I2C, and PWM signals.

Component List

Raspberry Pi 4B

• A microcomputer with multiple GPIO pins for interfacing with various peripherals.

Arducam

• A camera module interfaced with the Raspberry Pi for image capture.

Servo

• An actuator that can be positioned to specific angles using PWM signals.

Arduino Mega 2560

• A microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 with numerous digital and analog I/O pins.

BMP280

• A sensor for measuring barometric pressure and temperature.

L298N DC Motor Driver

• A module for controlling the direction and speed of DC motors.

DC Motor

• An electric motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical rotation.

Water Level Sensor

• A sensor used to detect the level of water in a container or environment.

Voltage Sensor

• A module for measuring the voltage in an electrical circuit.

LCD I2C Display

• A display module for showing information, interfaced via the I2C protocol.

Stepper Motor (Bipolar)

• A motor that moves in discrete steps, used for precise control of position and speed.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• A sensor for measuring distance using ultrasonic sound waves.

IR Sensor

• A sensor that detects infrared light, often used for proximity or object detection.

Wiring Details

Raspberry Pi 4B

• 5V to Arducam +5V
• GND to Arducam GND
• GPIO17 to Servo PWM
• GND to Servo GND
• GPIO8 to Arduino Mega 2560 D19/RX1
• GPIO7 to Arduino Mega 2560 D18/TX1
• ID_SD to Arducam SDA
• ID_SC to Arducam SCL

Arducam

• SCL to Raspberry Pi ID_SC
• SDA to Raspberry Pi ID_SD
• GND to Raspberry Pi GND
• +5V to Raspberry Pi 5V

Servo (Multiple Instances)

• VCC to Raspberry Pi 5V or Arduino Mega 2560 5V (depending on the instance)
• GND to Raspberry Pi GND or Arduino Mega 2560 GND (depending on the instance)
• PWM to Raspberry Pi GPIO17 or Arduino Mega 2560 PWM pins (depending on the instance)

Arduino Mega 2560 (Multiple Instances)

• GND to various GND connections on sensors and modules
• 5V to various VCC connections on sensors and modules
• Analog and digital pins to corresponding sensor outputs and motor driver inputs

BMP280

• SCL to Arduino Mega 2560 D21/SCL
• SDA to Arduino Mega 2560 D20/SDA
• GND to common ground
• VCC to Arduino Mega 2560 5V

L298N DC Motor Driver

• IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4 to Arduino Mega 2560 D8 PWM, D9 PWM, D10 PWM, D11 PWM respectively
• OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, OUT4 to DC Motors
• ENA, ENB to +5V-J1, +5V-J2 respectively

DC Motor (Multiple Instances)

• Pin 1 to L298N DC motor driver OUT2 or OUT4 (depending on the instance)
• Pin 2 to L298N DC motor driver OUT1 or OUT3 (depending on the instance)

Water Level Sensor

• SIG to Arduino Mega 2560 A0
• VCC to Arduino Mega 2560 5V
• GND to common ground

Voltage Sensor

• Out to Arduino Mega 2560 A1
• Vcc to Arduino Mega 2560 5V
• Ground to common ground

LCD I2C Display

• SDA to Arduino Mega 2560 SDA
• SCL to Arduino Mega 2560 SCL
• VCC to Arduino Mega 2560 5V
• GND to common ground

Stepper Motor (Bipolar)

• A to Arduino Mega 2560 D22
• B to Arduino Mega 2560 D23
• C to Arduino Mega 2560 D24
• D to Arduino Mega 2560 D25

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• ECHO to Arduino Mega 2560 D5 PWM
• TRIG to Arduino Mega 2560 D6 PWM
• VCC to Arduino Mega 2560 5V
• GND to common ground

IR Sensor

• Out to Arduino Mega 2560 D9 PWM
• Vcc to Arduino Mega 2560 5V
• Gnd to common ground

Documented Code

Arduino Mega 2560 - Instance 1

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Arduino Mega 2560 - Instance 2

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

(Note: The provided code for both instances of the Arduino Mega 2560 is a template with empty setup and loop functions. Actual implementation code will be required for the circuit to perform specific tasks.)