Circuit Documentation

Summary

This document provides a detailed overview of a circuit that includes an Arduino UNO microcontroller, an LCD display, various sensors, a relay, a water pump, and other components. The circuit is designed to interface with sensors and control a water pump based on sensor inputs. The documentation includes a component list, wiring details, and the embedded code used in the microcontroller.

Component List

LCD 16x2 (Wokwi Compatible)

• Description: A 16x2 character LCD display.
• Pins: VSS, VDD, V0, RS, RW, E, D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, A, K

Arduino UNO

• Description: A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
• Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

Potentiometer

• Description: A variable resistor used to adjust voltage.
• Pins: GND, Output, VCC

Resistor (220 Ohms)

• Description: A resistor with a resistance of 220 Ohms.
• Pins: pin1, pin2

Soil Moisture Sensor

• Description: A sensor used to measure soil moisture levels.
• Pins: VCC, GND, SIG

Rain Sensor

• Description: A sensor used to detect rain.
• Pins: AO, DO, GRD, VCC

BC547 Transistor

• Description: A general-purpose NPN transistor.
• Pins: collector, base, Emitter

12V Single Channel Relay

• Description: A relay module used to control high voltage devices.
• Pins: NC, COM, NO, IN, GND, VCC

Resistor (10k Ohms)

• Description: A resistor with a resistance of 10k Ohms.
• Pins: pin1, pin2

1N4007 Rectifier Diode

• Description: A general-purpose rectifier diode.
• Pins: Cathode, Anode

Water Pump 12V

• Description: A 12V water pump.
• Pins: +, -

LED: Two Pin (Green)

• Description: A green LED.
• Pins: cathode, anode

Power Supply 12V 5AMP

• Description: A power supply providing 12V DC at 5A.
• Pins: 220V Positive Pole (AC), 220V Negative Pole (AC), GND, GND (DC), 12V-24V Output (DC)

Wiring Details

LCD 16x2 (Wokwi Compatible)

• VSS, RW, K: Connected to GND (Arduino UNO, LED cathode, Soil Moisture Sensor, Potentiometer, BC547 collector, 12V Relay GND, BC547 Emitter, Rain Sensor GND, Power Supply GND, Water Pump -)
• VDD: Connected to 5V (Arduino UNO, Soil Moisture Sensor VCC, Potentiometer VCC, Rain Sensor VCC, 12V Relay VCC)
• V0: Connected to Potentiometer Output
• RS: Connected to D7 (Arduino UNO)
• E: Connected to D8 (Arduino UNO)
• D4: Connected to D9 (Arduino UNO)
• D5: Connected to D10 (Arduino UNO)
• D6: Connected to D11 (Arduino UNO)
• D7: Connected to D12 (Arduino UNO)
• A: Connected to Resistor (220 Ohms) pin2

Arduino UNO

• GND: Connected to GND (LCD VSS, RW, K, LED cathode, Soil Moisture Sensor, Potentiometer, BC547 collector, 12V Relay GND, BC547 Emitter, Rain Sensor GND, Power Supply GND, Water Pump -)
• 5V: Connected to VDD (LCD, Resistor 220 Ohms pin1, Resistor 10k Ohms pin1, Soil Moisture Sensor VCC, Potentiometer VCC, Rain Sensor VCC, 12V Relay VCC)
• D7: Connected to RS (LCD)
• D8: Connected to E (LCD)
• D9: Connected to D4 (LCD)
• D10: Connected to D5 (LCD)
• D11: Connected to D6 (LCD)
• D12: Connected to D7 (LCD)
• A0: Connected to AO (Rain Sensor), SIG (Soil Moisture Sensor)
• A1: Connected to DO (Rain Sensor)
• D13: Connected to Resistor (220 Ohms) pin2
• D6: Connected to IN (12V Relay)

Potentiometer

• GND: Connected to GND (Arduino UNO, LCD VSS, RW, K, LED cathode, Soil Moisture Sensor, BC547 collector, 12V Relay GND, BC547 Emitter, Rain Sensor GND, Power Supply GND, Water Pump -)
• VCC: Connected to 5V (Arduino UNO, LCD VDD, Resistor 220 Ohms pin1, Resistor 10k Ohms pin1, Soil Moisture Sensor VCC, Rain Sensor VCC, 12V Relay VCC)
• Output: Connected to V0 (LCD)

Resistor (220 Ohms)

• pin1: Connected to VDD (LCD, Arduino UNO 5V, Resistor 10k Ohms pin1, Soil Moisture Sensor VCC, Potentiometer VCC, Rain Sensor VCC, 12V Relay VCC)
• pin2: Connected to A (LCD)

Soil Moisture Sensor

• VCC: Connected to 5V (Arduino UNO, LCD VDD, Resistor 220 Ohms pin1, Resistor 10k Ohms pin1, Potentiometer VCC, Rain Sensor VCC, 12V Relay VCC)
• GND: Connected to GND (Arduino UNO, LCD VSS, RW, K, LED cathode, Potentiometer, BC547 collector, 12V Relay GND, BC547 Emitter, Rain Sensor GND, Power Supply GND, Water Pump -)
• SIG: Connected to A0 (Arduino UNO)

Rain Sensor

• AO: Connected to A0 (Arduino UNO), SIG (Soil Moisture Sensor)
• DO: Connected to A1 (Arduino UNO)
• GRD: Connected to GND (Arduino UNO, LCD VSS, RW, K, LED cathode, Soil Moisture Sensor, Potentiometer, BC547 collector, 12V Relay GND, BC547 Emitter, Power Supply GND, Water Pump -)
• VCC: Connected to 5V (Arduino UNO, LCD VDD, Resistor 220 Ohms pin1, Resistor 10k Ohms pin1, Soil Moisture Sensor VCC, Potentiometer VCC, 12V Relay VCC)

BC547 Transistor

• collector: Connected to GND (Arduino UNO, LCD VSS, RW, K, LED cathode, Soil Moisture Sensor, Potentiometer, 12V Relay GND, BC547 Emitter, Rain Sensor GND, Power Supply GND, Water Pump -)
• base: Connected to Resistor (10k Ohms) pin2
• Emitter: Connected to GND (Arduino UNO, LCD VSS, RW, K, LED cathode, Soil Moisture Sensor, Potentiometer, BC547 collector, 12V Relay GND, Rain Sensor GND, Power Supply GND, Water Pump -)

12V Single Channel Relay

• NC: Not connected
• COM: Connected to Anode (1N4007 Diode), 12V-24V Output (Power Supply)
• NO: Connected to Cathode (1N4007 Diode), + (Water Pump)
• IN: Connected to D6 (Arduino UNO)
• GND: Connected to GND (Arduino UNO, LCD VSS, RW, K, LED cathode, Soil Moisture Sensor, Potentiometer, BC547 collector, BC547 Emitter, Rain Sensor GND, Power Supply GND, Water Pump -)
• VCC: Connected to 5V (Arduino UNO, LCD VDD, Resistor 220 Ohms pin1, Resistor 10k Ohms pin1, Soil Moisture Sensor VCC, Potentiometer VCC, Rain Sensor VCC)

Resistor (10k Ohms)

• pin1: Connected to VDD (LCD, Arduino UNO 5V, Resistor 220 Ohms pin1, Soil Moisture Sensor VCC, Potentiometer VCC, Rain Sensor VCC, 12V Relay VCC)
• pin2: Connected to base (