Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to interface a Raspberry Pi Zero with various sensors and actuators. The Raspberry Pi Zero serves as the central controller, interfacing with current sensors, relays, a motion sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The circuit is powered by both 3.3V and 5V sources from the Raspberry Pi Zero, and it controls AC loads such as bulbs and a fan through relays.

Component List

1. Raspberry Pi Zero

   • Description: A small, affordable computer that can be used for a variety of electronics projects.
   • Pins: 5V, 3.3V, GPIO2 (SDA), GND, GPIO3 (SCL), GPIO14, GPIO4, GPIO15, GPIO18, GPIO17, GPIO27, GPIO23, GPIO22, GPIO24, GPIO10, GPIO25, GPIO9, GPIO8, GPIO11, GPIO7, ID_SC, ID_SD, GPIO5, GPIO12, GPIO6, GPIO13, GPIO16, GPIO19, GPIO20, GPIO26, GPIO21

2. ACS712 Current Sensor 5A 20A 30A

   • Description: A current sensor that provides an analog voltage output proportional to the current passing through it.
   • Pins: 1, 2, GND, OUT, VCC

3. 5V Relay

   • Description: An electromechanical switch used to control high voltage devices with a low voltage signal.
   • Pins: Normally Open, Common terminal, Normally Closed, In, GND, VCC

4. AC Bulb

   • Description: A standard AC-powered light bulb.
   • Pins: P, N

5. Fan

   • Description: A DC-powered fan.
   • Pins: GND, 5V

6. AC Source

   • Description: An AC power source.
   • Pins: +, -

7. ADS1115

   • Description: A 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with I2C interface.
   • Pins: VDD, GND, SCL, SDA, ADDR, ALRT, A0, A1, A2, A3

8. DHT22

   • Description: A temperature and humidity sensor.
   • Pins: +, Out, -

9. HC-SR501 Motion Sensor

   • Description: A motion sensor that detects movement using passive infrared (PIR) technology.
   • Pins: GND, OUT, VCC

Wiring Details

Raspberry Pi Zero

• 3.3V connected to VDD of ADS1115 and + of DHT22.
• 5V connected to VCC of all ACS712 Current Sensors, all 5V Relays, and HC-SR501 Motion Sensor.
• GND connected to GND of all ACS712 Current Sensors, all 5V Relays, ADS1115, DHT22, and HC-SR501 Motion Sensor.
• GPIO2 (SDA) connected to SDA of ADS1115.
• GPIO3 (SCL) connected to SCL of ADS1115.
• GPIO14 connected to In of the first 5V Relay.
• GPIO15 connected to In of the second 5V Relay.
• GPIO18 connected to In of the third 5V Relay.
• GPIO23 connected to Out of DHT22.
• GPIO24 connected to OUT of HC-SR501 Motion Sensor.

ACS712 Current Sensor 5A 20A 30A

• VCC connected to 5V of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• GND connected to GND of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• 1 of the first sensor connected to + of the first AC Source.
• 2 of the first sensor connected to Common terminal of the first 5V Relay.
• OUT of the first sensor connected to A0 of ADS1115.
• 1 of the second sensor connected to + of the second AC Source.
• 2 of the second sensor connected to Common terminal of the second 5V Relay.
• OUT of the second sensor connected to A1 of ADS1115.
• 1 of the third sensor connected to + of the third AC Source.
• 2 of the third sensor connected to Common terminal of the third 5V Relay.
• OUT of the third sensor connected to A2 of ADS1115.

5V Relay

• VCC connected to 5V of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• GND connected to GND of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• In of the first relay connected to GPIO14 of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• In of the second relay connected to GPIO15 of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• In of the third relay connected to GPIO18 of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• Common terminal of the first relay connected to 2 of the first ACS712 Current Sensor.
• Common terminal of the second relay connected to 2 of the second ACS712 Current Sensor.
• Common terminal of the third relay connected to 2 of the third ACS712 Current Sensor.
• Normally Open of the first relay connected to P of the first AC Bulb.
• Normally Open of the second relay connected to P of the second AC Bulb.
• Normally Open of the third relay connected to 5V of the Fan.

AC Bulb

• P of the first bulb connected to Normally Open of the first 5V Relay.
• N of the first bulb connected to - of the first AC Source.
• P of the second bulb connected to Normally Open of the second 5V Relay.
• N of the second bulb connected to - of the second AC Source.

Fan

• 5V connected to Normally Open of the third 5V Relay.
• GND connected to - of the third AC Source.

AC Source

• + of the first source connected to 1 of the first ACS712 Current Sensor.
• - of the first source connected to N of the first AC Bulb.
• + of the second source connected to 1 of the second ACS712 Current Sensor.
• - of the second source connected to N of the second AC Bulb.
• + of the third source connected to 1 of the third ACS712 Current Sensor.
• - of the third source connected to GND of the Fan.

ADS1115

• VDD connected to 3.3V of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• GND connected to GND of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• SCL connected to GPIO3 (SCL) of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• SDA connected to GPIO2 (SDA) of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• A0 connected to OUT of the first ACS712 Current Sensor.
• A1 connected to OUT of the second ACS712 Current Sensor.
• A2 connected to OUT of the third ACS712 Current Sensor.

DHT22

• + connected to 3.3V of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• Out connected to GPIO23 of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• - connected to GND of Raspberry Pi Zero.

HC-SR501 Motion Sensor

• VCC connected to 5V of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• OUT connected to GPIO24 of Raspberry Pi Zero.
• GND connected to GND of Raspberry Pi Zero.

Code

No code is provided for this circuit.