Project Documentation

Arduino-Based Automated Rain Cover System with Solar-Powered Motor Control

Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a DC motor using an Arduino UNO based on input from a rain sensor. The circuit also includes a solar panel for power supply, a diode for protection, and an MG90S servo motor. The L298N motor driver is used to drive the DC motor. The Arduino UNO reads the rain sensor data and controls the motor to either open or close a cover based on the presence of rain.

Component List

RAIN SENSOR
- Description: Detects the presence of rain.
- Pins: AO, DO, GRD, VCC
L298N DC Motor Driver
- Description: Drives the DC motor.
- Pins: OUT1, OUT2, 12V, GND, 5V, OUT3, OUT4, 5V-ENA-JMP-I, 5V-ENA-JMP-O, +5V-J1, +5V-J2, ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB
DC Motor
- Description: The motor that opens and closes the cover.
- Pins: pin 1, pin 2
12V Battery
- Description: Provides power to the circuit.
- Pins: -, +
Solar Panel
- Description: Provides renewable energy to the circuit.
- Pins: gnd, vcc
Diode
- Description: Protects the circuit from reverse voltage.
- Pins: cathode, anode
Arduino UNO
- Description: The microcontroller that controls the circuit.
- Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0
MG90S
- Description: A servo motor used in the circuit.
- Pins: SIG, VCC, GND

Wiring Details

RAIN SENSOR

DO connected to D2 on Arduino UNO
GRD connected to GND on Arduino UNO and MG90S
VCC connected to 5V on Arduino UNO and MG90S

L298N DC Motor Driver

OUT1 connected to pin 2 on DC Motor
OUT2 connected to pin 1 on DC Motor
12V connected to + on 12V Battery and anode on Diode
GND connected to gnd on Solar Panel, GND on Arduino UNO, and - on 12V Battery
5V connected to Vin on Arduino UNO
IN1 connected to D6 on Arduino UNO
IN2 connected to D7 on Arduino UNO

DC Motor

pin 1 connected to OUT2 on L298N DC Motor Driver
pin 2 connected to OUT1 on L298N DC Motor Driver

12V Battery

+ connected to 12V on L298N DC Motor Driver and anode on Diode
- connected to GND on L298N DC Motor Driver, GND on Arduino UNO, and gnd on Solar Panel

Solar Panel

gnd connected to GND on L298N DC Motor Driver, GND on Arduino UNO, and - on 12V Battery
vcc connected to cathode on Diode

Diode

cathode connected to vcc on Solar Panel
anode connected to + on 12V Battery and 12V on L298N DC Motor Driver

Arduino UNO

D2 connected to DO on RAIN SENSOR
GND connected to GRD on RAIN SENSOR, GND on MG90S, GND on L298N DC Motor Driver, GND on Solar Panel, and - on 12V Battery
5V connected to VCC on RAIN SENSOR and VCC on MG90S
Vin connected to 5V on L298N DC Motor Driver
D6 connected to IN1 on L298N DC Motor Driver
D7 connected to IN2 on L298N DC Motor Driver
D8 connected to SIG on MG90S

MG90S

SIG connected to D8 on Arduino UNO
VCC connected to 5V on Arduino UNO and VCC on RAIN SENSOR
GND connected to GND on Arduino UNO and GRD on RAIN SENSOR

Documented Code

// Pin setup
#define RAIN_SENSOR_PIN 2    // Pin DO dari sensor hujan terhubung ke D2 pada Arduino
#define MOTOR_IN1 6          // Pin IN1 dari motor driver terhubung ke D6 pada Arduino
#define MOTOR_IN2 7          // Pin IN2 dari motor driver terhubung ke D7 pada Arduino
#define MOTOR_IN3 8          // Pin IN3 dari motor driver terhubung ke D8 pada Arduino
#define MOTOR_IN4 9          // Pin IN4 dari motor driver terhubung ke D9 pada Arduino

// Pin lainnya
#define ENA_PIN 5            // Pin ENA (kecepatan motor) terhubung ke pin 5 pada Arduino

// Ambang batas sensor hujan
#define RAIN_THRESHOLD 500   // Nilai sensor hujan untuk deteksi hujan

// Variabel kontrol waktu
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
const long interval = 3000; // Durasi motor berputar selama 3 detik
bool motorRunning = false;

void setup() {
  // Inisialisasi pin sensor hujan
  pinMode(RAIN_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);

  // Inisialisasi pin motor driver
  pinMode(MOTOR_IN1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(MOTOR_IN2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(MOTOR_IN3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(MOTOR_IN4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ENA_PIN, OUTPUT);

  // Mulai komunikasi serial
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  // Membaca nilai dari sensor hujan (DO)
  int rainValue = digitalRead(RAIN_SENSOR_PIN); 
  Serial.print("Rain Sensor Value: ");
  Serial.println(rainValue);

  // Cek apakah sensor hujan mendeteksi hujan atau tidak
  if (rainValue == LOW) {  // Sensor hujan aktif (deteksi hujan jika nilai LOW)
    // Hujan terdeteksi, menutup kain
    Serial.println("Hujan terdeteksi! Menutup kain...");
    closeCover(); // Menarik kain (motor maju)
  } else {
    // Tidak ada hujan, membuka kain
    Serial.println("Tidak ada hujan. Membuka kain...");
    openCover(); // Menggulung kain (motor mundur)
  }

  // Waktu non-blok menggunakan millis()
  unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
  if (motorRunning && (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval)) {
    previousMillis = currentMillis;
    stopMotor(); // Hentikan motor setelah waktu yang ditentukan
    motorRunning = false;
  }
}

// Fungsi untuk menarik kain (motor maju)
void closeCover() {
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN1, HIGH);  // Motor maju
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN3, HIGH);  // Motor maju (untuk motor kedua jika ada)
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN4, LOW);
  analogWrite(ENA_PIN, 200);       // Kecepatan motor (200 dari 255)
  motorRunning = true;
  previousMillis = millis();      // Reset timer
}

// Fungsi untuk menggulung kain (motor mundur)
void openCover() {
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN1, LOW);   // Motor mundur
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN2, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN3, LOW);   // Motor mundur (untuk motor kedua jika ada)
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN4, HIGH);
  analogWrite(ENA_PIN, 200);      // Kecepatan motor (200 dari 255)
  motorRunning = true;
  previousMillis = millis();      // Reset timer
}

// Fungsi untuk menghentikan motor
void stopMotor() {
  digitalWrite(MOTOR_IN1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(M