Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to interface an Arduino UNO with a variety of components including an I2C LCD 16x2 Screen, a 4x4 Membrane Matrix Keypad, a 12V DC Motor Encoder, a Pushbutton, a Resistor, an MKE-S03 Photo Diode Light Sensor, a 12V Pneumatic Solenoid Valve, a 2-Channel Relay, a Red Lamp, and a Step-Down Module. The circuit is powered by a 240V Power Source. The Arduino UNO is programmed to interact with these components, displaying information on the LCD, reading inputs from the keypad and the photo diode light sensor, controlling the motor encoder, and activating the pneumatic solenoid valve and lamp via the relays.

Component List

Arduino UNO

• Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
• Provides digital and analog I/O pins
• Features serial communication capabilities

I2C LCD 16x2 Screen

• Alphanumeric liquid crystal display
• Communicates with the Arduino via I2C protocol
• Displays text and numbers

4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad

• Input device with 16 buttons arranged in a 4x4 grid
• Provides user interface for inputting commands

12V DC Motor Encoder

• A motor with an integrated encoder for position feedback
• Used for precise control of rotational movement

Pushbutton

• A simple switch mechanism for control of a device
• Used as a manual input or trigger

Resistor (10k Ohms)

• Passive two-terminal electrical component
• Implements electrical resistance as a circuit element

MKE-S03 Photo Diode Light Sensor

• A sensor that detects light intensity
• Converts light into an electrical signal

12V Pneumatic Solenoid Valve

• An electromechanically operated valve
• Controlled by an electric current through a solenoid

2-Channel Relay

• An electrically operated switch
• Allows the Arduino to control higher power circuits

Lamp Red

• A simple red indicator lamp
• Used for visual signaling

240V Power Source

• Provides the main electrical power for the circuit
• Supplies 240V AC power

Step-Down Module

• Converts higher voltage to a lower voltage
• Provides 5V and 12V outputs from a 24V input

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• 5V connected to I2C LCD Screen VCC (5V) and Pushbutton Pin 1 (in)
• GND connected to I2C LCD Screen GND, Resistor pin1, and Step-Down Module 5v OUT-
• Vin connected to Step-Down Module 5v OUT+
• A0 connected to 2ch Relay IN2
• A1 connected to 2ch Relay IN1
• A4 connected to I2C LCD Screen SDA
• A5 connected to I2C LCD Screen SCL
• D2 to D9 connected to 4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad R1 to C4 respectively
• D10 connected to Resistor pin2 and Pushbutton Pin 3 (out)
• D11 connected to MKE-S03 Photo Diode Light Sensor SIG
• D12 connected to 12V DC Motor Encoder A
• D13 connected to 12V DC Motor Encoder B

I2C LCD 16x2 Screen

• VCC (5V) and GND connected to Arduino UNO
• SDA and SCL connected to Arduino UNO A4 and A5 respectively

4X4 Membrane Matrix Keypad

• R1 to R4 connected to Arduino UNO D2 to D5 respectively
• C1 to C4 connected to Arduino UNO D6 to D9 respectively

12V DC Motor Encoder

• A and B connected to Arduino UNO D12 and D13 respectively

Pushbutton

• Pin 1 (in) connected to Arduino UNO 5V
• Pin 3 (out) connected to Arduino UNO D10

Resistor (10k Ohms)

• pin1 connected to Arduino UNO GND
• pin2 connected to Arduino UNO D10 and Pushbutton Pin 3 (out)

MKE-S03 Photo Diode Light Sensor

• SIG connected to Arduino UNO D11

2-Channel Relay

• IN1 and IN2 connected to Arduino UNO A0 and A1 respectively
• NO connected to 12V Pneumatic Solenoid Valve GND and Lamp Red -
• COM connected to 240V Power Source Live

Step-Down Module

• 5v OUT+ and 5v OUT- connected to Arduino UNO Vin and GND respectively
• 24v IN+ connected to 240V Power Source Live

240V Power Source

• Neutral connected to 12V Pneumatic Solenoid Valve VCC
• Live connected to Step-Down Module 24v IN+ and 2ch Relay COM

Documented Code

// dupodmuch 1.2
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Keypad.h>
#include <Encoder.h>

// LCD setup
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

// Keypad setup
const byte ROWS = 4; // Four rows
const byte COLS = 4; // Four columns
char keys[ROWS][COLS] = {
  {'1','2','3','A'},
  {'4','5','6','B'},
  {'7','8','9','C'},
  {'*','0','#','D'}
};
byte rowPins[ROWS] = {2, 3, 4, 5}; // Connect to the row pinouts of the keypad
byte colPins[COLS] = {6, 7, 8, 9}; // Connect to the column pinouts of the keypad
Keypad keypad = Keypad(makeKeymap(keys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS);

// Encoder setup
Encoder myEnc(12, 13);

// Pin definitions
const int buttonPin = 10;
const int photocellPin = 11;
const int relay1Pin = A0;
const int relay2Pin = A1;

// Parameters
float droga = 520.9; // Default distance in mm per 1000 encoder pulses
int licznik = 0; // Counter for interruptions
int cykl = 2; // Default cycle count
float dmuchstart = 20.0; // Start blowing at 20mm
float dmuchstop = 80.0; // Stop blowing at 80mm
float zero = 0.0; // Zero position
float zator = 520.9; // Default blockage distance

// State variables
long encoderPosition = 0;
bool relay1State = false;
bool relay2State = false;

void setup() {
  // Initialize LCD
  lcd.begin();
  lcd.backlight();
  lcd.print("Dupodmuch 1.2");
  delay(3000);
  lcd.clear();

  // Initialize pins
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(photocellPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(relay1Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relay2Pin, OUTPUT);

  // Initialize relays
  digitalWrite(relay1Pin, HIGH); // Relay 1 off
  digitalWrite(relay2Pin, HIGH); // Relay 2 off
}

void loop() {
  // Read encoder position
  long newPosition = myEnc.read();
  if (newPosition != encoderPosition) {
    encoderPosition = newPosition;
    // Update display with encoder position
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Pos: ");
    lcd.print(encoderPosition);
  }

  // Read keypad input
  char key = keypad.getKey();
  if (key) {
    handleKeypadInput(key);
  }

  // Read photocell state
  int photocellState = digitalRead(photocellPin);
  if (photocellState == LOW) {
    licznik++;
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Licznik: ");
    lcd.print(licznik);
  }

  // Check for relay 1 activation
  if (encoderPosition >= dmuchstart && encoderPosition <= dmuchstop) {
    digitalWrite(relay1Pin, LOW); // Activate relay 1
    relay1State = true;
  } else {
    digitalWrite(relay1Pin, HIGH); // Deactivate relay 1
    relay1State = false;
  }

  // Check for relay 2 activation
  if (encoderPosition >= zator) {
    digitalWrite(relay2Pin, LOW); // Activate relay 2
    relay2State = true;
  }

  // Check for button press
  if (digitalRead(buttonPin) == LOW) {
    digitalWrite(relay1Pin, LOW); // Manually activate relay 1
    relay1State = true;