Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a door using an ultrasonic sensor and a servo motor, and it includes a charging station for a device. The system uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller to manage the operations, a seven-segment display to show the charging time, and a relay to control the charging station. The circuit also includes a step-up boost power converter, an ultrasonic sensor, a servo motor, and a 12V battery for power.

Component List

1. Arduino UNO

   • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
   • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

2. 5V Relay

   • Description: Relay module for switching high voltage devices.
   • Pins: Normally Open, Common terminal, Normally Closed, In, GND, VCC

3. Step Up Boost Power Converter, Adjustable Voltage Regulator

   • Description: Boost converter to step up voltage.
   • Pins: VOUT+, VOUT-, VIN+, VIN-

4. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

   • Description: Ultrasonic distance sensor.
   • Pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND

5. USB Male 2 Pin Connection

   • Description: USB connector for power.
   • Pins: Negative -, Positive +

6. Seven Segment Display (TM1637) (Wokwi Compatible)

   • Description: Seven-segment display module.
   • Pins: CLK, DIO, VCC, GND

7. Electrolytic Capacitor

   • Description: Capacitor with 1000 Farads capacitance.
   • Pins: -, +

8. 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block

   • Description: Power connector.
   • Pins: POS, NEG

9. Tower Pro SG90 Servo

   • Description: Servo motor for precise control.
   • Pins: Signal, +5V, GND

10. 12V 5Ah Battery

    • Description: Battery for power supply.
    • Pins: 12v +, 12v -

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

• GND: Connected to GND of the following components:
  • Tower Pro SG90 servo
  • Seven Segment Display (TM1637)
  • 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block
  • 12V 5Ah Battery
  • Step Up Boost Power Converter (VOUT-)
  • USB Male 2 Pin Connection (Negative -)
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  • Electrolytic Capacitors (-)
• D12: Connected to DIO of Seven Segment Display (TM1637)
• D11: Connected to CLK of Seven Segment Display (TM1637)
• D6: Connected to Signal of Tower Pro SG90 servo
• D5: Connected to ECHO of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
• D4: Connected to TRIG of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
• D3: Connected to In of 5V Relay

5V Relay

• In: Connected to D3 of Arduino UNO
• GND: Connected to VIN- of Step Up Boost Power Converter
• VCC: Connected to Normally Closed of 5V Relay
• Common terminal: Connected to Positive + of USB Male 2 Pin Connection

Step Up Boost Power Converter, Adjustable Voltage Regulator

• VOUT+: Connected to VCC of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
• VOUT-: Connected to GND of the following components:
  • Tower Pro SG90 servo
  • Seven Segment Display (TM1637)
  • 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block
  • 12V 5Ah Battery
  • USB Male 2 Pin Connection
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  • Electrolytic Capacitors (-)
• VIN+: Connected to VCC of 5V Relay
• VIN-: Connected to GND of 5V Relay

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• VCC: Connected to VOUT+ of Step Up Boost Power Converter
• TRIG: Connected to D4 of Arduino UNO
• ECHO: Connected to D5 of Arduino UNO
• GND: Connected to GND of the following components:
  • Tower Pro SG90 servo
  • Seven Segment Display (TM1637)
  • 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block
  • 12V 5Ah Battery
  • Step Up Boost Power Converter (VOUT-)
  • USB Male 2 Pin Connection
  • Electrolytic Capacitors (-)

USB Male 2 Pin Connection

• Negative -: Connected to GND of the following components:
  • Tower Pro SG90 servo
  • Seven Segment Display (TM1637)
  • 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block
  • 12V 5Ah Battery
  • Step Up Boost Power Converter (VOUT-)
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  • Electrolytic Capacitors (-)
• Positive +: Connected to Common terminal of 5V Relay

Seven Segment Display (TM1637)

• CLK: Connected to D11 of Arduino UNO
• DIO: Connected to D12 of Arduino UNO
• VCC: Connected to VOUT+ of Step Up Boost Power Converter
• GND: Connected to GND of the following components:
  • Tower Pro SG90 servo
  • 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block
  • 12V 5Ah Battery
  • Step Up Boost Power Converter (VOUT-)
  • USB Male 2 Pin Connection
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  • Electrolytic Capacitors (-)

Electrolytic Capacitor

• -: Connected to GND of the following components:
  • Tower Pro SG90 servo
  • Seven Segment Display (TM1637)
  • 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block
  • 12V 5Ah Battery
  • Step Up Boost Power Converter (VOUT-)
  • USB Male 2 Pin Connection
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
• +: Connected to +5V of Tower Pro SG90 servo and VCC of Seven Segment Display (TM1637)

2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block

• POS: Connected to VOUT+ of Step Up Boost Power Converter
• NEG: Connected to GND of the following components:
  • Tower Pro SG90 servo
  • Seven Segment Display (TM1637)
  • 12V 5Ah Battery
  • Step Up Boost Power Converter (VOUT-)
  • USB Male 2 Pin Connection
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  • Electrolytic Capacitors (-)

Tower Pro SG90 Servo

• Signal: Connected to D6 of Arduino UNO
• +5V: Connected to + of Electrolytic Capacitors
• GND: Connected to GND of the following components:
  • Seven Segment Display (TM1637)
  • 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block
  • 12V 5Ah Battery
  • Step Up Boost Power Converter (VOUT-)
  • USB Male 2 Pin Connection
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  • Electrolytic Capacitors (-)

12V 5Ah Battery

• 12v +: Connected to POS of 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block
• 12v -: Connected to GND of the following components:
  • Tower Pro SG90 servo
  • Seven Segment Display (TM1637)
  • 2.1mm Barrel Jack with Terminal Block
  • Step Up Boost Power Converter (VOUT-)
  • USB Male 2 Pin Connection
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  • Electrolytic Capacitors (-)

Code Documentation

Arduino UNO Code

#include <Servo.h>
#include <TM1637Display.h>

#define ULTRASONIC_TRIG_PIN 4
#define ULTRASONIC_ECHO_PIN 5
#define MAIN_DOOR_SERVO_PIN 6
#define LED_PIN 7
#define RELAY_PIN 3
#define DISPLAY_CLK 11
#define DISPLAY_DIO 12

Servo mainDoorServo;
TM1637Display display(DISPLAY_CLK, DISPLAY_DIO);

bool chargingActive = false;
unsigned long chargingStartTime = 0;
unsigned long extraChargingTime = 0;
const unsigned long CHARGING_DURATION = 300000;

const int SERVO_OPEN_POS = 90;
const int SERVO_CLOSE_POS = 5;
const int SERVO_STEP_DELAY = 10;

void setup() {
  pinMode(ULTRASONIC