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Arduino UNO Controlled 775 Motor with Rotary Encoder and 7-Segment Display Timer

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to control a 775 motor using a PWM DC motor controller. The motor operation is controlled by a rotary encoder, which sets the runtime for the motor. The runtime is displayed on a 4-digit 7-segment display. The motor starts when the rotary encoder's knob is pushed in and runs for the user-defined runtime. The motor will not start again until the knob is pushed in again after the timer is up. The timer is set to a default of 10 minutes when the Arduino receives power.

Component List

  1. Arduino UNO

    • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
    • Pins: UNUSED, IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13, D12, D11, D10, D9, D8, D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0

  2. Rotary Encoder

    • Description: Device used to set the runtime for the motor.
    • Pins: clk, dt, sw, gnd, +

  3. 775 Motor

    • Description: High-torque DC motor.
    • Pins: positive, negative

  4. BDC PWM DC Motor Controller 10A 6-90V

    • Description: Motor controller used to control the speed of the 775 motor.
    • Pins: + power, - power, + motor, - motor, GND, 0-5V, 5V

  5. Power 220V

    • Description: Power supply for the circuit.
    • Pins: hot wire, neutral wire

  6. Emergency STOP

    • Description: Safety switch to cut off power in case of an emergency.
    • Pins: NC

  7. 7 Segment Display (4 Digit)

    • Description: Display used to show the countdown timer.
    • Pins: 1, A, F, 2, 3, B, G, 4, C, DP, D, E

Wiring Details

Arduino UNO

Rotary Encoder

775 Motor

BDC PWM DC Motor Controller 10A 6-90V

Power 220V

Emergency STOP

7 Segment Display (4 Digit)

Documented Code

/*
 * This Arduino sketch controls a 775 motor using a PWM DC motor controller.
 * The motor starts when the rotary encoder's knob is pushed in and runs for
 * a user-defined runtime set by the rotary encoder. The motor will not start
 * again until the knob is pushed in again after the timer is up. The countdown
 * timer is displayed on a 4-digit 7-segment display. The timer is set to a
 * default of 10 minutes when the Arduino receives power.
 */

#define ENCODER_CLK 2
#define ENCODER_DT 3
#define ENCODER_SW 4
#define MOTOR_PWM 9

#define SEG_A 5
#define SEG_F 6
#define SEG_B 7
#define SEG_G 8
#define SEG_C 10
#define SEG_DP 11
#define SEG_D 12
#define SEG_E 13

volatile int encoderPos = 0;
volatile int lastEncoded = 0;
int runtimeMinutes = 10; // Default runtime in minutes
bool motorRunning = false;
bool buttonPressed = false;

void setup() {
  pinMode(ENCODER_CLK, INPUT);
  pinMode(ENCODER_DT, INPUT);
  pinMode(ENCODER_SW, INPUT);
  pinMode(MOTOR_PWM, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(SEG_A, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SEG_F, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SEG_B, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SEG_G, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SEG_C, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SEG_DP, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SEG_D, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SEG_E, OUTPUT);

  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(ENCODER_CLK), updateEncoder, CHANGE);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(ENCODER_DT), updateEncoder, CHANGE);
}

void loop() {
  if (digitalRead(ENCODER_SW) == LOW && !buttonPressed) {
    buttonPressed = true;
    if (!motorRunning) {
      motorRunning = true;
      runtimeMinutes = encoderPos; // Set runtime based on encoder position
      for (int speed = 0; speed <= 255; speed++) {
        analogWrite(MOTOR_PWM, speed);
        int delayTime = (runtimeMinutes * 60000) / 255; // Runtime in ms / 255 steps
        for (int i = delayTime; i > 0; i -= 1000) {
          displayCountdown(i / 1000);
          delay(1000);
        }
      }
      analogWrite(MOTOR_PWM, 0); // Turn off motor
      motorRunning = false;
    }
  }
  if (digitalRead(ENCODER_SW) == HIGH) {
    buttonPressed = false;
  }
}

void updateEncoder() {
  int MSB = digitalRead(ENCODER_CLK); // MSB = most significant bit
  int LSB = digitalRead(ENCODER_DT);  // LSB = least significant bit

  int encoded = (MSB << 1