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Arduino Nano-Based Landslide Detection System with GSM Alerts

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Circuit Documentation

Summary

This circuit is designed to detect potential landslides by monitoring soil moisture, vibrations, and tilt. It uses an Arduino Nano microcontroller to read sensor data from a soil moisture sensor, a vibration sensor, and an accelerometer. Based on the sensor readings, the system triggers alerts using LEDs and a buzzer. Additionally, it sends SMS alerts via a GSM module.

Component List

  1. Arduino Nano

    • Description: Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
    • Pins: D1/TX, D0/RX, RESET, GND, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11/MOSI, D12/MISO, VIN, 5V, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, A1, A0, AREF, 3V3, D13/SCK

  2. SW-420 Vibration Sensor

    • Description: Vibration sensor module.
    • Pins: vcc, Ground, Digital output

  3. Buzzer

    • Description: Simple piezoelectric buzzer.
    • Pins: PIN, GND

  4. LED: Two Pin (red)

    • Description: Red LED.
    • Pins: cathode, anode

  5. SIM800L GSM Module

    • Description: GSM module for sending SMS.
    • Pins: 5V, GND, VDD, SIM_TXD, SIM_RXD, RST

  6. Soil Moisture Sensor

    • Description: Sensor to measure soil moisture levels.
    • Pins: VCC, GND, SIG

  7. ADXL345 Accelerometer

    • Description: 3-axis accelerometer.
    • Pins: 3.3V, SDA, SCL, GND, 5V

  8. Resistor (220 Ohms)

    • Description: Resistor with 220 Ohms resistance.
    • Pins: pin1, pin2

  9. LED: Two Pin (yellow)

    • Description: Yellow LED.
    • Pins: cathode, anode

  10. LED: Two Pin (green)

    • Description: Green LED.
    • Pins: cathode, anode

  11. 9V Battery

    • Description: Power source.
    • Pins: +, -

Wiring Details

Arduino Nano

SW-420 Vibration Sensor

Buzzer

LED: Two Pin (red)

SIM800L GSM Module

Soil Moisture Sensor

ADXL345 Accelerometer

Resistor (220 Ohms)

Resistor (220 Ohms)

Resistor (220 Ohms)

LED: Two Pin (yellow)

LED: Two Pin (green)

9V Battery

Documented Code

#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <Adafruit_ADXL345_U.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

// Pin definitions
#define SOIL_SENSOR_PIN A0
#define VIBRATION_SENSOR_PIN 2
#define BUZZER_PIN 3
#define GREEN_LED 4
#define YELLOW_LED 5
#define RED_LED 6

// Threshold values
#define MOISTURE_THRESHOLD 500  // Soil moisture threshold
#define VIBRATION_THRESHOLD 100 // Vibration sensor threshold
#define TILT_THRESHOLD 15.0     // Tilt threshold (degrees)

// Initialize accelerometer
Adafruit_ADXL345_Unified accel = Adafruit_ADXL345_Unified(12345);

// GSM module connected to pins D7 (TX) and D8 (RX)
SoftwareSerial gsm(7, 8);

void setup() {
  // Pin Modes
  pinMode(SOIL_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(VIBRATION_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(GREEN_LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(YELLOW_LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RED_LED, OUTPUT);

  // Initialize Serial and GSM
  Serial.begin(9600);
  gsm.begin(9600);

  // Initialize Accelerometer
  if (!accel.begin()) {
    Serial.println("No ADXL345 detected, check wiring.");
    while (1);
  }
  accel.setRange(ADXL345_RANGE_16_G); // Set range for the accelerometer
}

void loop() {
  int moistureLevel = analogRead(SOIL_SENSOR_PIN);
  int vibration = digitalRead(VIBRATION_SENSOR_PIN);

  sensors_event_t event;
  accel.getEvent(&event);
  float tilt = atan2(event.acceleration.y, event.acceleration.x) * 180 / PI;

  // Print sensor readings
  Serial.print("Soil Moisture: ");
  Serial.println(moistureLevel);
  Serial.print("Vibration: ");
  Serial.println(vibration);
  Serial.print("Tilt: ");
  Serial.println(tilt);

  // Landslide detection logic
  if (moistureLevel > MOISTURE_THRESHOLD || vibration > VIBRATION_THRESHOLD || abs(tilt) > TILT_THRESHOLD) {
    // Trigger alert
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(RED_LED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(YELLOW_LED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, LOW);
    sendSMS("Warning: Possible landslide detected!");
    delay(2000);
  } else if (moistureLevel > MOISTURE_THRESHOLD || abs(tilt) > (TILT_THRESHOLD / 2)) {
    // Moderate alert
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
    digitalWrite(RED_LED, LOW);
    digitalWrite(YELLOW_LED, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, LOW);
  } else {
    // Normal status