Circuit Documentation

Summary

The circuit described is a Rain Drainage Water Removal System designed to control a water pump based on readings from two water level sensors. It features an Arduino UNO microcontroller, which interfaces with a capacitive sensor, two water level sensors, a two-channel relay module, and an I2C LCD screen. The system also includes an LED indicator and voltage regulation components. The purpose of the circuit is to monitor water levels and activate a water pump to remove excess water, with the system status displayed on the LCD and indicated by the LED.

Component List

Battery (12V)

• Description: Provides the power source for the circuit.
• Pins: +, -

Two Channel Relay (5V)

• Description: Controls the water pumps by providing isolated switching capabilities.
• Pins: VCC, IN2, IN1, GND, NC2, C2, NO2, NC1, C1, NO1

Water Level Sensor

• Description: Detects the water level in the environment.
• Pins: SIG, VCC, GND

Water Pump

• Description: Actuates to remove water based on sensor inputs.
• Pins: positive, negative

Voltage Regulator (7805)

• Description: Regulates the input voltage to a stable 5V output.
• Pins: Vin, Gnd, Vout

Arduino UNO

• Description: The main microcontroller unit that controls the system logic.
• Pins: IOREF, Reset, 3.3V, 5V, GND, Vin, A0 to A5, SCL, SDA, AREF, D13 to D0

LED (White)

• Description: Provides a visual indication of the system status.
• Pins: cathode, anode

Resistor (200 Ohms)

• Description: Limits current to protect components such as LEDs.
• Pins: pin1, pin2

Capacitive Sensor

• Description: Measures water content in a non-invasive manner.
• Pins: GND, VCC, SIGNAL

I2C LCD 16x2 Screen

• Description: Displays system status and sensor readings.
• Pins: SCL, SDA, VCC (5V), GND, VDD, VO, RS, RW, E, D0 to D7, BLA, BLK

Wiring Details

Battery (12V)

• + connected to Voltage Regulator Vin and Relay NC1, NO2
• - connected to common ground net

Two Channel Relay (5V)

• VCC connected to 5V net
• GND connected to common ground net
• C1, C2 connected to respective water pumps positive
• NC1, NO2 connected to Battery +

Water Level Sensor

• SIG connected to Arduino UNO A5 and A4
• VCC connected to 5V net
• GND connected to common ground net

Water Pump

• positive connected to Relay C1, C2
• negative connected to common ground net

Voltage Regulator (7805)

• Vin connected to Battery +
• Gnd connected to common ground net
• Vout connected to 5V net

Arduino UNO

• 5V connected to 5V net
• GND connected to common ground net
• A1 connected to Resistor pin1
• A2 connected to Capacitive Sensor SIGNAL
• A4, A5 connected to respective Water Level Sensor SIG
• D13 connected to LED anode
• SCL, SDA connected to I2C LCD Screen SCL, SDA

LED (White)

• anode connected to Arduino UNO D13
• cathode connected to common ground net

Resistor (200 Ohms)

• pin1 connected to Arduino UNO A1
• pin2 connected to common ground net

Capacitive Sensor

• SIGNAL connected to Arduino UNO A2
• VCC connected to 5V net
• GND connected to common ground net

I2C LCD 16x2 Screen

• SCL connected to Arduino UNO SCL
• SDA connected to Arduino UNO SDA
• VCC (5V) connected to 5V net
• GND connected to common ground net

Documented Code

/*
 * Rain Drainage Water Removal System
 *
 * This Arduino sketch controls a water pump based on the readings from two
 * water level sensors. The system displays the water level status on an I2C
 * LCD screen and indicates the pump status using an LED.
 */

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

// Pin definitions
const int waterLevelSensor1Pin = A5;
const int waterLevelSensor2Pin = A4;
const int capacitiveSensorPin = A2;
const int ledPin = 13;
const int relayPin1 = 7;
const int relayPin2 = 8;

// LCD setup
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

// Timing variables
unsigned long pumpOnTime = 0;
unsigned long pumpOffTime = 0;
bool pumpState = false;

// Display variables
unsigned long lastDisplayUpdate = 0;
const unsigned long displayInterval = 2000; // 2 seconds
int displayState = 0;

void setup() {
  // Initialize serial communication
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Initialize LCD
  lcd.begin();
  lcd.backlight();

  // Initialize pins
  pinMode(waterLevelSensor1Pin, INPUT);
  pinMode(waterLevelSensor2Pin, INPUT);
  pinMode(capacitiveSensorPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relayPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(relayPin2, OUTPUT);

  // Initial state
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(relayPin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(relayPin2, LOW);
}

void loop() {
  // Read sensor values
  int waterLevel1 = analogRead(waterLevelSensor1Pin);
  int waterLevel2 = analogRead(waterLevelSensor2Pin);
  int capacitiveLevel = analogRead(capacitiveSensorPin);

  // Check water levels and control pump
  if (waterLevel1 > 500 || waterLevel2 > 500 || capacitiveLevel > 500) {
    if (!pumpState) {
      // Turn on pump
      digitalWrite(relayPin1, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(relayPin2, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
      pumpOnTime = millis();
      pumpState = true;
    }
  } else {
    if (pumpState) {
      // Turn off pump
      digitalWrite(relayPin1, LOW);
      digitalWrite(relayPin2, LOW);
      digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
      pumpOffTime = millis();
      pumpState = false;

      // Print pump on and off times
      Serial.print("Pump was on for: ");
      Serial.print((pumpOffTime - pumpOnTime) / 1000);
      Serial.println(" seconds");
    }
  }

  // Update LCD display
  if (millis() - lastDisplayUpdate > displayInterval) {
    lastDisplayUpdate = millis();
    lcd.clear();
    switch (displayState) {
      case 0:
        lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd.print("Water1: ");
        lcd.print(waterLevel1);
        lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
        lcd.print("Water2: ");
        lcd.print(waterLevel2);
        break;
      case 1:
        lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd.print("Capacitive: ");
        lcd.print(capacitiveLevel);
        lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
        lcd.print("Pump: ");
        lcd.print(pumpState ? "ON " : "OFF");
        break;
      case 2:
        lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd.print("Pump On Time: ");
        lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
        lcd.print((pumpState ? millis() : pumpOffTime) - pumpOnTime);
        lcd.print(" ms");
        break;
    }
    displayState = (displayState + 1) % 3;
  }

  // Delay for stability
  delay(1000);
}

This code is responsible for reading the sensor data, controlling the relay to power the pumps, updating the LCD display, and providing a visual indication of the pump status via an LED. It includes setup and loop functions that initialize the system and handle the main operational logic.