Circuit Documentation

Summary

The circuit in question appears to be designed for a drone or a similar remote-controlled vehicle. It includes brushless motors controlled by electronic speed controllers (ESCs), a power distribution board (PDB) with an XT60 connector, a Lipo battery, and a buck converter for voltage regulation. The circuit also features an MPU-6050 sensor for motion tracking, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement, a GPS module for positioning, and two ESP32 microcontrollers for overall control and communication. Additionally, there is an ESP32-CAM module for capturing images and a flight controller for managing the vehicle's stability. The circuit is completed with a remote receiver for user input.

Component List

Brushless Motor

• Description: A type of electric motor that uses electronic commutation instead of mechanical means to change the direction of current flow in the motor.
• Purpose: Provides propulsion for the drone.

Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)

• Description: An electronic circuit that controls and regulates the speed of an electric motor.
• Purpose: Controls the speed of the brushless motors.

MPU-6050

• Description: A motion tracking device that combines a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer.
• Purpose: Used for motion sensing and orientation tracking.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• Description: An ultrasonic ranging module that provides 2cm to 400cm non-contact measurement functionality.
• Purpose: Measures distances by emitting ultrasonic waves and detecting their reflections.

PDB XT60

• Description: A power distribution board designed for drones, with an XT60 connector for power input.
• Purpose: Distributes power from the battery to various components in the circuit.

Lipo Battery

• Description: A rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology used for high energy storage.
• Purpose: Provides power to the entire circuit.

LM2956 Buck Converter DC-DC

• Description: A DC-DC converter that steps down voltage from a higher level to a lower level.
• Purpose: Regulates voltage to provide a stable power supply to components requiring lower voltages.

GPS NEO 6M

• Description: A GPS module that provides location and timing information.
• Purpose: Used for positioning and navigation.

ESP32 38 PINS

• Description: A microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities and a wide range of GPIO pins.
• Purpose: Acts as the main controller for the drone, handling sensor data, motor control, and communication.

ESP32 - CAM

• Description: An ESP32-based module with an onboard camera.
• Purpose: Captures images and possibly video for surveillance or monitoring purposes.

Resistor

• Description: A passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
• Purpose: Typically used for current limiting or voltage dropping within circuits.

KK 2.1.5 FLIGHT CONTROLLER

• Description: A flight control board for multi-rotor aircraft.
• Purpose: Manages the stability and control of the drone during flight.

FLYSKY FS- IA6

• Description: A 6-channel 2.4GHz receiver designed for RC aircraft.
• Purpose: Receives control signals from a remote transmitter.

Wiring Details

Brushless Motor

• Connected to the corresponding M1, M2, and M3 pins of the ESCs.

Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)

• Battery VCC and Battery GND pins are connected to the PDB XT60 and the Lipo Battery for power.
• Signal pins are connected to the ESP32 38 PINS microcontroller for motor control signals.
• 5v out and GND out pins are not detailed in the net list.

MPU-6050

• VCC and GND pins are connected to the LM2956 Buck Converter for power.
• SCL and SDA pins are connected to the ESP32 38 PINS microcontroller for I2C communication.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• VCC and GND pins are connected to the LM2956 Buck Converter for power.
• TRIG and ECHO pins are connected to the ESP32 38 PINS microcontroller for ultrasonic signal control and reading.

PDB XT60

• "+" and "-" pins are connected to the Lipo Battery for power input.
• VCC and GND pins are connected to the ESCs for power distribution.

LM2956 Buck Converter DC-DC

• IN+ and IN- pins are connected to the PDB XT60 for input power.
• OUT+ and OUT- pins are connected to the MPU-6050, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor, and the FLYSKY FS- IA6 for regulated power output.

GPS NEO 6M

• VCC and GND pins are connected to the LM2956 Buck Converter for power.
• RX and TX pins are connected to the ESP32 38 PINS microcontroller for serial communication.

ESP32 38 PINS

• GND pin is connected to the GND of various components for a common ground.
• 3V3 and 5V pins are connected to the LM2956 Buck Converter for power.
• GPIO pins are connected to the ESCs, MPU-6050, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor, and GPS NEO 6M for control and data communication.

ESP32 - CAM

• 5V and GND pins are connected to the LM2956 Buck Converter for power.
• IO12, IO13, IO14, and IO15 pins are connected to the ESP32 38 PINS microcontroller for camera control and data.

Resistor

• Not detailed in the net list, but typically connected in series or parallel with other components to form voltage dividers or current paths.

KK 2.1.5 FLIGHT CONTROLLER

• 5V and GND pins are connected to the LM2956 Buck Converter for power.
• S pin is connected to the FLYSKY FS- IA6 for receiving control signals.

FLYSKY FS- IA6

• 5V and GND pins are connected to the LM2956 Buck Converter for power.
• CH1 to CH6 pins are connected to the KK 2.1.5 FLIGHT CONTROLLER for control signal input.

Documented Code

ESP32 38 PINS Microcontroller (Main Controller)

// Development of Drone Surveillance Technology Using ESP32
// This code interfaces with an ESP32, MPU-6050, HC-SR04, GPS NEO 6M, and ESP32-CAM.
// The ESP32 reads data from the MPU-6050 (IMU), HC-SR04 (Ultrasonic Sensor), and GPS.
// It also controls the ESCs for the brushless motors and captures images using the ESP32-CAM.

#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_MPU6050.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <ESP32Servo.h>

// Pin Definitions
#define MPU6050_SDA 21
#define MPU6050_SCL 22
#define ULTRASONIC_TRIG 12
#define ULTRASONIC_ECHO 13
#define ESC1_SIGNAL 23
#define ESC2_SIGNAL 19
#define ESC3_SIGNAL 18
#define ESC4_SIGNAL 17

// MPU6050
Adafruit_MPU6050 mpu;

// Ultrasonic Sensor
long duration;
int distance;

// Servo objects for ESCs
Servo esc1;
Servo esc2;
Servo esc3;
Servo esc4;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Wire.begin(MPU6050_SDA, MPU6050_SCL);

  // Initialize MPU6050
  if (!mpu.begin()) {
    Serial.println("Failed to find MPU6050 chip");
    while (1) {
      delay(10);
    }
  }
  mpu.setAccelerometerRange(MPU6050_RANGE_8_G);
  mpu.setGyroRange(MPU6050_RANGE_500_DEG);
  mpu.setFilterBandwidth(MPU6050_BAND_21_HZ);

  // Initialize Ultrasonic Sensor
  pinMode(ULTRASONIC_TRIG, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ULTRASONIC_ECHO, INPUT);

  // Attach ESCs to pins
  esc1.attach(ESC1_SIGNAL);
  esc2.attach(ESC2_SIGNAL);
  esc3.attach(ESC3_SIGNAL);
  esc4.attach(ESC4_SIGNAL);

  // Initialize WiFi
  WiFi.begin("yourSSID", "yourPASSWORD");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
  }
  Serial.println("Connected to WiFi");
}

void loop() {
  // Read MPU6050 data
  sensors_event_t a, g, temp;
  mpu.getEvent(&a, &g, &temp);
  Serial.print("AccelX: "); Serial.print(a.acceleration.x);
  Serial.print(", AccelY: "); Serial.print(a.acceleration.y);
  Serial.print(", AccelZ: "); Serial.println(a.acceleration.z);

  // Read Ultrasonic Sensor data
  digitalWrite(ULTRASONIC_TRIG, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(ULTRASONIC_TRIG, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(ULTRASONIC_TRIG, LOW);
  duration = pulseIn(ULTR